School Building Planning And Construction Physical Education Essay

tpelting Building Planning And Construction overt Education EssaySchool buildings are an integral part in the formal education of the student. They are to be designed and constructed in such a way that depart produce the potential of each student and boost the culture process. There are many knock overations when designing and building a take aim. Some of these includeAccessibility Schools buildings mustiness be designed in such a way that lead provide equal access to wholly. It must also be designed to be flexible to increase the probability of being able to provide equal access throughout the life-cycle of the facilities.Aesthetics Focusing on the physical behavior of the inform must not be neglected. The tutor building must be attractive and pleasing to the eye, with a similar context of the neighborhood, in order to break away a sense of ownership and pride among the members of the comm building blocky, most especi all in ally to the teachers/staff and students of the inculcate. In addition, there should be a clear balance between the out-of-door features of the school and the neighborhood, reflecting the values of the community, piece the interior features should develop the learning process.Cost-effectiveness Being cost-effective does not mean that the quality of the school building impart be compromised, rather, being cost-effective means that the school should use facilities that can save m unmatchabley over time by balancing the design and constructions cost with the costs of maintaining and operating the facility.Functionality The school must be able to give a high gear quality formal education to its students as it has promised by creating a learning environment that leave behind enhance and speedup the learning process.Productivity A productive school must be able to provide the students and teachers a cheerable, upright and healthy environment in order to achieve maximum potential.Security A safe and secure school buil ding has always been and is still the most important goal of project managers, engineers and architects. A safe and secure school building must wear a fire protection system, must consider the safety and health of its occupants and visitors, must be able to resist natural hazards, and must be able to effectively secure the assets of the school (material assets and human assets occupants and visitors).Sustainability With all the talk on global warming and climate change, the concern for the environment has grown tremendously. Considering that every activity has a direct and indirect impact on the environment, school building construction and operations are not exempt from impacting the environment as it uses raw materials and peeing and energy resources, and in turn, produces solid and runny waste and gas emissions. A sustainable school must optimize site potential, energy use and operational and maintenance practices, use environment-friendly products and materials, conserve wa ter and enhance environmental quality within the school building.Community-Centered As a community-centered school, it must be able to serve the community as a whole.Considering all the elements of a school building stated above, this paper ordaining provide a comprehensive planning and design of a school. The school designed and be after in this paper pass on cater secondary students, which willing generally include grades 9 to 12. The total number of students will be approximately 250 to ccc students.Essential Spaces NeededThe following are the contrastive spaces that will constitute the school building. Each of it will be discussed in the following section.The Administration unitThe administration unit is particularly important in any type of school as it provides a specific hub for its staff, as well as an commonwealth for interaction between the staff, students and parents. The schools administration unit will be dictated at the main entrance of the school, which is d irectly neighborly to the public and whitethorn be accessed after school hours and on weekends. The administration unit will include private offices for the schools principal and assistant principal and throw offices for its clerks, a lobby with a visitors waiting reach, a small conference room for meetings and small conferences and a faculty room for teachers. The lobby will have writing and seating surfaces apply for completing forms and notes. The faculty room will have enough space for administrative activities such as photocopying, assembling and fastening documents needed for their classes. The administration unit will also have spaces for storage of their office supplies, equipments (i.e. computers, printers, scanners, copiers, telephones, etc.), LAN profound location, and mail boxes. This unit will also provide adult restrooms for the employees and its visitors.Lounge for power and StaffThis space will be e excessly designed for the teachers and staff of the school for relaxation, small informal meetings with other teachers and staff, and dining. The lounge will be set near the administration unit.Health Services UnitLocated next to the administration unit, the health operate unit will provide health services to the students and employees of the school. It should be noted that information taken from the health services unit are private and confidential, and so, the students health records and information will be properly stored and will only be disclosed to appropriate people such as the schools administrators, their teachers and counselors and healthcare aides. The health services unit will include a pony room, an examination area for visiting doctors and other healthcare professionals, a nurses desk, a ten-foot long eye examination lane, a first aid space, patients waiting area and a private storage for medical supplies, equipments and medications.Counseling and Attendance UnitThe counseling and attendance unit will serve as an area for ste ering and counseling programs and a service center for students arranging their enrolment and transfers, as well as an area for the maintenance of students attendance records and files. Sometimes joined in concert with the administration unit and regain next to the main entrance, the counseling area where counselors administer psychological examinations, discuss exam results and problems with the students and their parents, and keep records and files of each student. This unit will include private offices for the counselors with a working space, guest seating and computer workstation, interview and testing areas, and a waiting area for guests.General ClassroomsProbably the central element of any school, the classrooms will be designed for approximately 25 to 30 students per class. There will be a total of ten classrooms in this school with approximately 960 square feet each. The classrooms will be laid out in linear form accessed by internal corridors. They will be set(p) somewhere that is easily accessible to other essential areas critical for their studies such as the library or media center, PE facilities, administration and health services unit, cafeteria and restrooms. scientific discipline ClassroomsScience classrooms, which are critical for learning practical applications of scientific theories, will be designed with approximately 1,300 square feet. Situated away from the other rooms, the science classrooms will have ample working spaces for fixed learning stations to perform their laboratory experiments and for lectures. The classroom will have a separate preparation room, which may be directly accessed from the science classroom. This separate preparation room will serve as a space for preparing and storing of supplies and equipmentsPhysical Education Facilities/GymnasiumPhysical education, intended to develop the physical and social skills of the students, need a secondary school for its activities (i.e. individual/team sports, body mechanics, rhyt hmic lessons, health, safety and first aid sessions). The gymnasium will be approximately 7,500 square feet and will include sports areas, team rooms, shower downs and lockers. Other essential spaces will be for the lobby, ticket booth, press area, snack shun and laundry areas. The gymnasium will also have private offices for P.E. teachers and team coaches, usually in parallel sight to locker rooms, and public toilets, separate from the shower and locker areas. Situated adjacent to play fields, the gymnasium may be directly accessed by the public for community usage and after school hours. It will have a distinct entrance/exit gates for absolute declare of events and will be fully secured from other areas of the school to avoid infringement of other school spaces during weekend and evening events.Library and Media CenterThe school library and media center, designed to cater the augmentation of the instructional needs of the students, will be placed at the heart of the academic spaces of the school, easily accessed by the students from their classrooms and by the public for community use and after school hours. Similar to the gymnasium, the library and media center will be properly secured from other areas of the school to avoid intrusion of other school spaces during weekend and evening events. This area will be designed to be visually appealing and pleasing to the students to encourage the development of positive attitudes towards interrogationing, reading, studying and learning. This area will include computer stations for student usage (i.e. research/report writing), spaces for multimedia presentations, private office space for librarian and open workrooms for its staff. The library and media center will be fully equipped with technological equipments such as electrical outlets, data network connections, open and closed circuit televisions, and phone extensions.Because the library and media center contains state-of-the-art media facilities and technol ogy, as well as special collections of books and journals, the library and media center will be properly secured with visual supervision from the circulation desk to student work areas, stack space and study spaces and book-theft detection system located at exit points. Special book collections and media and technological equipments will also have a proper secure storage space, wherein students must ask for helper from staff when they intend to use such books and equipments.Food Services UnitThe food services unit will include the kitchen, cafeteria, eat center and open-air(prenominal) eating spaces. The kitchen is situated wherein it is directly accessible to the cafeteria and service and delivery vehicles, scarce is separated from the academic areas of the school. The kitchen will have a food preparation area, a serving area, an office, a changing area, locker rooms and restrooms for the staff, janitor/custodian room (for food services unit only) and storage rooms (walk-in fre ezer/refrigerator). The kitchen will have serving windows, stainless steel sinks and work surfaces, stainless steel counter tops for its serving areas, a dish shelf, an exhaust air system and a wet chemical fire extinguishing system.The cafeteria will be located where it is directly accessible from the kitchen and to the lunch shelter and restrooms. There will be fitting space for the waiting line in the cafeteria, with specific orientations in providing a smooth traffic flow. There will be covered sun and rain protection at the waiting line, food serving area and to the lunch shelter. Expecting to have plenty of shabu from the cafeteria, there will be sufficient trash and recycling containers throughout the cafeteria and with an adjacent storage room for cleaning supplies.The lunch shelter, while easily accessible to the cafeteria, will also be easily accessible to outdoor eating spaces. It will be designed in such a way that it can provide shelter from sun and rain, but with an open and airy atmosphere. The lunch shelter will have at least two drinking fountains within the vicinity.Lastly, the outdoor eating spaces, which will supplement the schools cafeteria and lunch shelter, will have tables and chairs and some benches. It will be designed in such a way that there is minimal heat reflection and glare, mayhap offering some shade to protect the students from the sun.RestroomsThere will be separate restrooms for students and employees of the school. Restrooms for students will be located within 200 feet of all classrooms, while restrooms for the employees will be located near their workstations, also within 200 feet or less. Aside from this, restrooms will also be found in the different areas of the school to cater the occupants of the schools different units mentioned such as the administrative unit, health services unit, library and media center, gymnasium, cafeteria, eating spaces, etc.Drinking FountainsSimilar to restrooms, drinking fountains will also be located in the different areas of the school to cater the occupants of the schools different units and other public areas where students will gather together. They may be fit(p) next to the student restroom entries and eating spaces and inside and outside the gymnasium and other P.E. facilities. The drinking fountains will not be made of stainless steel, in particular those that are subjected to direct sunlight, to avoid heat upsurge inside the unit.LockersThere will be two types of lockers books lockers and P.E. lockers. Each student will have one book locker, located in locker recesses in covered walks or in corridors. P.E. lockers will be separately provided for male and female students and P.E. teachers. The lockers will be extremely visible for easy supervision. They will have built-in combination locks, with a master-key for emergency purposes.Public PayphonesThere will be public payphones located within the schools vicinity in an accessible route in compliance with the accessibility requirements.Other ConsiderationsAside from the essential spaces provided, there are other considerations in the planning of the school building that will be discussed in this section in order to achieve maximum learning processes.Comfort (Acoustic/Thermal and ocular Comfort)To enhance the learning processes of the students, their comfort will be given priority. The noise levels of the school will be kept at minimum. These include noises from outside the school (i.e. noise from vehicles, aircrafts, etc.), corridors (i.e. conversations and foot traffic), other classrooms, mechanical equipments, and even noise from inside the classrooms. The school will also take note on the thermal comfort of the students and the teachers as it significantly affects their performances. The school will have independent controls in all classrooms to oversee and easily manage the temperature to facilitate the changes in activities, occupancy levels and individual(prenominal) preferences. Visual comfort will also be given consideration in designing the school. With students occupied with a lot of visual tasks in school (i.e. reading and writing), the school will provide a balance combination of natural and artificial lighting systems. The school will also use delicate colors for the walls.DaylightingModern schools use as much natural daylight as possible, since it provides the best quality source of light for visual tasks. Daylight enhances the appearance and color of the objects, while at the same time research has shown that the proper use of daylight also enhances the performance of the students. Furthermore, the use of daylight as a light source in the school also gives the school much cost-savings from electrical lighting. The school will optimize the use of daylighting, by using daylight in the classrooms and some offices within building, while at the same time, avoiding heat gain, heat loss and glare from the sun.Safety and SecurityThe school will be safe an d secured at all times by having a controlled access to the school premises. A secure fence will be built to control access to school grounds. Entrance and exit points will be limited and provided with security guards, with visual surveillance. High-risk spaces will be protected by high security locks. The design of the school will be in such a way that is easily surveyed minimizing spaces hidden from sight, proper lighting outside the school to assist easy surveillance during nighttime and key public areas such as parking areas, drop-off points and entrance/exit points are easily visible from inside the building.Building MaterialsAs part of the sustainability aim of the school, the materials used for construction will be significantly considered. The school will use materials that are durable, but at the same time non-toxic, highly recyclable and made more on recycled materials.HVAC SystemThe HVAC system, which includes the heating, ventilating and air conditioning system of the s chool, is very important in providing a comfortable and healthy environment for the students, teachers, administrators and visitors. The schools HVAC system will utilize a highly expeditious equipment, appropriately sized for the demands of the school and comprise controls that will enhance the performance of the HVAC system.Building EnvelopeThe building envelope, which includes the roofs, windows, floors and walls of the school building, is critical in improve energy efficiency. The school will use an energy efficient building envelope that will put together and optimize the levels of insulation, shading, thermal mass, glazing and air leakage control through the use of shading devices, light slanting surfaces and high performance glazing.Flexibility and AdaptabilityAccepting that nothing is constant except change, the school will be designed in order to cater tractability and adaptability. The school will use flexible stations for equipment, easily movable and transferred to ano ther area in case of modifications of the area. The different units within the school will be designed to give way to changes in furniture layouts and functions.Resources UsedLA Unified School District. (2010, January). School anatomy Guide. Retrieved March 25, 2010, from http//www.laschools.org/employee/design/fs-design-guide/download/2010/LAUSD_School_Design_Guide_2010_Version.pdf?version_id=84218872National Institute of Building Sciences. (2010). Retrieved March 25, 2010, from Whole Building Design Guide http//www.wbdg.org/New Jersey Schools Construction Corporation. (2007, May 15). 21st Century Schools Design Manual. Retrieved March 25, 2010, from http//www.njsda.gov/Business/Doc_Form/PDFsForms/DM.pdf

Properties Of Distributed Systems Information Technology Essay

Properties Of Distributed Systems Information Technology EssayA distributed system consists of multiple autonomous electronic computers that communicate through a computer profit. The computers move with each other in order to achieve a common goal. A computer program that runs in a distributed system is called a distributed program, and distributed programming is the process of writing such programs.Distributed computing also refers to the use of distributed systems to solve computational problems. In distributed computing, a problem is divided into many tasks, each of which is figure out by one computerThe word distributed in terms such as distributed system, distributed programming, and distributed algorithm originally referred to computer networks where individual computers were physically distributed within both(prenominal) geographical area. The terms are nowadays used in a much wider sense, even referring to autonomous processes that run on the same physical computer a nd interact with each other by message passing.While there is no single definition of a distributed system, the following defining properties are ordinarily usedThere are several autonomous computational entities, each of which has its own local memory.The entities communicate with each other by message passing.A distributed system whitethorn generate a common goal, such as solving a large computational problem. Alternatively, each computer may bemuse its own user with individual needs, and the purpose of the distributed system is to coordinate the use of shared resources or provide communication go to the users.Other typical properties of distributed systems admitThe system has to tolerate failures in individual computers.The structure of the system (network topology, network latency, number of computers) is not known in advance, the system may consist of diametrical kinds of computers and network links, and the system may change during the execution of a distributed progra m.Each computer has alone a limited, incomplete view of the system. Each computer may know only one part of the input.PROPERTIES OF DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMSSo far the focus has been on designing a distributed system that solves a given problem. A complementary color research problem is studying the properties of a given distributed system.The halting problem is an analogous example from the field of centralised computation we are given a computer program and the task is to decide whether it halts or runs forever. The halting problem is undecidable in the general case, and naturally understanding the behaviour of a computer network is at least as hard as understanding the behaviour of one computer.However, there are many interesting special cases that are decidable. In particular, it is possible to reason about the behaviour of a network of finite-state machines. One example is telling whether a given network of interacting (asynchronous and non-deterministic) finite-state machines can reach a deadlock. This problem is PSPACE-complete,39 i.e., it is decidable, but it is not likely that there is an efficient (centralised, parallel or distributed) algorithm that solves the problem in the case of large networks.SECURITY ISSUES IN ADAPTIVE DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMSIn the contemporary society, distributed systems have a significant impact on how communication between social, industrial and governmental institutions is achieved. Dealing with the complexity, heterogeneity and kinetics of distributed systems is absolutely among the main concerns of the software industry. In the Internet era, the distribution of discipline and services on different sites is a common and dominant scenario. Hence, penetrationing information and services on remote sites requires high- direct of system quality acceptable response era (at least near real-time) and security mechanisms. These aspects require inherent fitting of the system to changes in the environment. In the case of ADSs, the ch allenge to maintain system quality is even greater. In general, security issues in distributed information systems, whether adaptational or not, is already a serious concern.There are many types of threats, among them those occurring during communication and those in the form of unauthorized attempts to access stored information. Solutions proposed to address these problems in distributed systems may house to the implementation of security mechanisms in ADSs. On the other hand, if a token ring is used to achieve mutual exclusion in data communication, because a loss of token might be a result of unauthorized supervise of the token, which is a direct consequence of the distributed system being adaptive and having observe component.Moreover, data resubmission might be requested by authorized parties that couldnt receive the data. Such a request might also come from malicious intruders that are requesting resubmission of data to get a copy.The kind of environmental changes that ca n be monitored in ADSs include, but are not limited to, mainframe computer and link failures, changes in communication patterns and frequency, changes in failure rates, and changed application requirements.Security metrics indicate the degree to which security goals such as data confidentiality are being met, they propose deeds that should be taken to improve the overall security program, and identify the level of risks in not taking a given action and hence provide way in prioritizing the actions. They also indicate the effectiveness of various components of a security program. Developing effective security metrics programs has proved to be very challenging. A number of factors have contributed to this collecting the necessary data is difficult and there are no well-established and standardized guidelines. Swanson et al. (2003) identified elements that must(prenominal) be considered in defining effective security metrics, metrics must yield quantifiable information, supporting data must be readily obtainable, only repeatable processes should be considered for measurement, and metrics must enable tracking of performance. Voas et al. (1996) propose a security assessment methodology, called adaptive vulnerability analysis (AVA), which provides a sexual congress measure of software security.The methodology is based on measurement of security weaknesses in terms of influence set of threats that are frequently encountered. The resulting metrics may vary with different set of threats and hence the methodology is called adaptive. Its major advantages include, among others, its ability to be customized to application-specific classes of intrusions and the fact that it measures energising run-time information. The fact that it is based on a predetermined set of threats is among the major limitations of AVA. Payne (2001) proposes a guideline that should be closely followed in the development a security metrics program.The guideline consists of several steps pol ish off definition of security goals and objective, decision about what metrics to generate and strategies for generating them create action plan, and establish a formal program review cycle. Following this guidance enables us to clarify the why, what and how of developing security metrics. In the sequel, we focus on the metrics that should be generated to quantify the level of security threats that could be caused due to monitoring of a target system to achieve the level of adaptation necessary to maintain quality of services.ADAPTIVE DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMSDistributed systems that can evolve their miens based on changes in their environments are known as adjustive Distributed Systems (ADSs). Adaptation usually takes place on different sites in a distributed system and needs to be coordinated. Adaptive systems monitor and evaluate their environments and can adapt their own behaviors when there is a change in the environment. On the other hand, adaptive behavior is the field of acqui sition where the underlying mechanisms of adaptive behavior of animals, software agents, robots and other adaptive systems are investigated into.The results from adaptive behavior research are exploited for building artificially agile adaptive systems. In this case, we envision distributed systems within the context of artificially intelligent adaptive systems and we therefore believe that the research progress in adaptive behavior will affect the research in ADSs. That is, monitoring, change detection and behavior adaptation components of an adaptive distributed system will become more intelligent in time. An ADS better knows what is happening in its environment by detecting and evaluating the changes in the environments and adjusting their actions to the changes more intelligently.However, the more intelligent and adaptive a distributed system becomes through its monitoring and other components, the more risky it becomes that the intruders act more severely in a distributed envir onment if the monitoring component is overtaken by them. In the following paragraphs, we are giving a brief survey on ADSs. Leonhardt et al. (1998) indicate that security is an issue that appears where activity is being tracked, namely by the monitoring system they have proposed. For that reason, in this work, we look into the levels of acquaintance a monitoring system might eventually have about its environment while becoming more adaptive, and whether the level of knowledge and the properties of the knowledge being monitored would cause any security issues compared to the distributed systems which are not adaptive. Russello et al. (2005) described how adaptation is done for dynamical replication for managing availability in a shared data space. The idea is that if replication is required, the middleware should offer mechanisms that would allow the application developer to select from different replication policies that can be subsequently enforce at runtime.There is an adaptatio n subsystem where the environment conditions are monitored. It is detected when to switch to another replication policy automatically. The execution environment conditions which are monitored are equal of communication latency and bandwidth, especially when external monitoring subsystem is used. Silva et al. (2002) developed a generic framework for the construction of ADSs. The model is composed of three main packages. In the monitoring package, system specific parameters, such as processor utilization, in the various hosts of the distributed system are monitored. This package informs the event detection and singing package whenever values of such parameters change significantly. In addition to this, interceptors as used in the CORBA distributed system standards are inserted into the object invocation path. Each time a client invokes a method of an object, the message corresponding to this invocation is intercepted and later re-dispatched to the target object.Using interceptors, t he system can extract useful information from each method invocation storing it in a log file for analysis by the event detection and notification package. On the other hand, dynamic configuration package, depending on the type of the event, executes the appropriate algorithm that defines actions that should be taken in order to adapt the application to the new environment condition. As express in (Al-Shaer 1998), monitoring system can be used to detect and report security violations such as illegal logins or attempts of unauthorized access to files. On the contrary, we argue that if the monitoring subsystem is overtaken by an intruder, the monitoring system can also be used for causing security violations once an intruder has knowledge about login information and file authorizations to be able to report illegal logins and attempts of unauthorized access to resources.

Politics and George Orwell Essays -- George Orwell Politics Political

Politics and George OrwellWorks Cited MissingBooks are a medium through which the author apprise express his views whether they concern social injustices, trustworthy issues, or in Orwells case, politics. For centuries writers have weaved their opinions into their work, conveying to the reader exactly what they intended. Orwell saw himself as a violent unmasker of published pretentiousness, hypocrisy and self-deceit, telling volume what they did not want to hear. (Crick, 244). Orwell accomplishes this unmasking of these facades through his use of rhetorical strategies to relay his views to the reader. Through his watchwords and essays, George Orwell has found a forum in which he can express his opinions, fusing his governmental beliefs with a satiric quality in all his own.A piece of literature that illustrates his ability to do this with unmatched skill and unrelenting sarcasm is Animal Farm. Jeffrey Meyers said of Orwells novel, In this fable about a barnyard revolt Orwell created a satire that specifically attacked the consequences of the Russian Revolution while suggesting the reasons for the disappointment of most revolutionary ideals (339). In the book, the reader is given a situation in which the animals are fed up with the overindulgent, unappreciative human existences that run their farm. They determine a rebellion would cure their woes and so they revolt. However, they soon realize that the uprising was the easy part. Now they must establish a government with leaders and rules. The pigs are the self-appointed leaders because they are the smartest and cleverest of all the animals. The two pigs with the most power and persuasion are Snowball and catnap. The farm begins to run like a democracy, and all the animals are satisfied until Napoleon runs Snowball out of the farm with a pack of wild dogs. After the exile of Snowball, the animals on the farm increasingly establish oppressed and Napoleon slowly starts to resemble a dictator. Throughou t Animal Farm, Orwells main weapon of choice is his stinging satire. In fact, the entire book can be viewed as a one hundred page satiric look at politics and human life. Not only do we see humans being overthrown by pigs and chickens yet all the animals can talk and some can even read and write. Naming one of the pigs Napoleon is also significant because as Meyers puts it, The carefully chosen names are both realistic ... .... His use of satire combined with a headstrong political opinion creates for the reader thoughts and questions that were not there when one opened the pages of a book such as Animal Farm and began the journey chosen for them by Orwell. Orwell is a writer who not only gives the reader entertainment and enjoyment, but is perplex out to make the reader think and feel what the characters who are being victimized think and feel like. He is on a mission to make the reader ponder the injustices of society and the political regimes that run our countries, our world. George Orwell did not set out to create books that kindly represent everyone, even the tyrants. He set out to create books and literature that may have shocked some readers at first but without a doubt told the truth. Orwell once said, Possession of the truth is less important than emotional sincerity. Orwell is unwavering in his commitment to make the good deal aware of the injustices, victimizations, and corrupt politics. A writers only and best weapon is his words Orwell chooses his words wisely. They can be bitter or sweet, but they always convey truths about the world ignored by many but seen and written about by Orwell.

Physics in Computer Games :: Physics video games computer

Physics is unrivaled of the key elements of any computer game or animation. This is in particular true, when it comes to 3D environments. Physics applies to every aspect of the real world, from how objects act on each new(prenominal) through obvious collisions down to the more in abstrusity conservation of energies and momentums. These same concepts give way to Computer Generated Environments (CGE).3D CGEs al focal points require a some key laws to be followed in order for them to appearance at least somewhat realistic. Without at least implementing these dim-witted physics concepts, the interaction of polygons leave alone look unrealistic. Polygons can easily be treated as simple masses, and thus, applying physic law to them is simple.One of the most important laws that must be followed is the Law of staidness. Without gravity, objects will either exactly float about aimlessly. Making objects beat up to the ground isnt a solution, or falling objects would hit the ground instantaneously, and it would look pretty terrible. The Laws of gravity must be followed.Second, the three laws of Newton must be followed. They describe the way that forces act on objects. The 3 laws simplified atomic number 18 as follows1. stop number remains constant unless a force acts on the object.2. warmheartedness of the forces equals the product of the mass and its acceleration.3. For every action, there is an equal reaction, just opposite in direction.Third, are the conservations. This includes Conservation of Momentum, Conservation of Energy, and Conservation of Torque. This page wont nab into the latter, since it isnt really necessary for CGEs.To get more information about any of these Physics concepts and laws and how they apply to 3D CGEs, use the menu to browse the rest of the site. obligate Fun Dont hurt yourself, and keep an eye out for an easter egg.Gravity is one of those things that simply has to exist.A CGE that lacks gravity will more than likely score so me other form of keeping objects together and on a plane, such as simply making all the objects stick to the ground. This isnt the best way to go about doing this. Gravity would create a much more realistic emulation of reality.Sure, objects simply tied to the ground can work, but if these objects were to fall, therefore the fall would have to be pre-rendered, or sequenced. A simple change in the tallness from which an object falls, and this wouldnt look realistic. The object would look as if cruel too quickly, or the environment would be limited to set height increases.Physics in Computer Games Physics video games computerPhysics is one of the key elements of any computer game or animation. This is especially true, when it comes to 3D environments. Physics applies to every aspect of the real world, from how objects act on each other through obvious collisions down to the more in depth conservation of energies and momentums. These same concepts apply to Computer Generated Env ironments (CGE).3D CGEs always require a few key laws to be followed in order for them to look at least somewhat realistic. Without at least implementing these simple physics concepts, the interaction of polygons will look unrealistic. Polygons can easily be treated as simple masses, and thus, applying physic law to them is simple.One of the most important laws that must be followed is the Law of gravity. Without gravity, objects will either simply float about aimlessly. Making objects stick to the ground isnt a solution, or falling objects would hit the ground instantaneously, and it would look pretty terrible. The Laws of gravity must be followed.Second, the three laws of Newton must be followed. They describe the way that forces act on objects. The 3 laws simplified are as follows1. Velocity remains constant unless a force acts on the object.2. Sum of the forces equals the product of the mass and its acceleration.3. For every action, there is an equal reaction, just opposite in d irection.Third, are the conservations. This includes Conservation of Momentum, Conservation of Energy, and Conservation of Torque. This page wont get into the latter, since it isnt really necessary for CGEs.To get more information about any of these Physics concepts and laws and how they apply to 3D CGEs, use the menu to browse the rest of the site. Have Fun Dont hurt yourself, and keep an eye out for an easter egg.Gravity is one of those things that simply has to exist.A CGE that lacks gravity will more than likely have some other form of keeping objects together and on a plane, such as simply making all the objects stick to the ground. This isnt the best way to go about doing this. Gravity would create a much more realistic emulation of reality.Sure, objects simply tied to the ground can work, but if these objects were to fall, then the fall would have to be pre-rendered, or sequenced. A simple change in the height from which an object falls, and this wouldnt look realistic. The o bject would look as if fell too quickly, or the environment would be limited to set height increases.

Cloning And Embryo Research :: essays research papers fc

Cloning and Embryo Research The comprehension Fiction RealityThe idea of cloning a life form seemed like something ask from a science fiction novel just ten years ago. Now, the theories, ideas and facts of cloning embryos have made cloning one of the most talked about societal issues of our time. The researchers of this scientific breakthrough have made a lot of progress in recent years. Many have heard of Dolly, the cloned sheep, and thats just the weight of the ice burg. This is undoubtedly the biggest and most recent breakthrough science has seen in some time. Cloning research started in Scotland. According to an article in Science News Online, Scottish investigators grew embryo cells of Welsh mountain sheep in the laboratory. During a relatively stable stage of the cell cycle, they transferred 244 of the nuclei to the stripped-down eggs of Scottish blackface ewes (Adler Par. 8). These nuclei had a full set of chromosomes, so fertilizing the eggs was not necessary. They then gave the eggs an electric shock to initiate development (Adler Par. 9). This was do after years of ever-living research. There was extensive research done in the area of embryo stem cells. Scientists have used such mouse stem cells for nearly a decade to create genetically altered mice (Travis Par. 8). Kaye Tucker of World Socialist Web Site writes, These basic cells are present in the earliest stages of underdeveloped embryos and are able to develop into virtually any type of cell and tissue in the body (Par. 3). This is where genes can be altered and clones can be made. It has been a hard task locating and being able to work with these stem cells because they are only around for a short time (Tucker Par. 6). The possibilities for raw research are endless. Other than a social issue, the idea of cloning has become a moral issue. Many have asked the question, Should we clone humans?, and more(prenominal) have answered it. There are many who have strong opinions on the subject. S enator Sam Brownback of Kansas is quoted as saying, The prospect of government-sponsored experiments to manipulate and destroy human embryos should make us all lie awake at night (Embryo Par. 5). Researchers have been and wish to continue using surplus embryos for experimentation. Most of the breakthroughs made have been done using donated embryos (Tucker Par. 9). This moral issue has also come up in many theological discussions.

A Seperate Peace Essay -- essays research papers

A Separate Peace EssayIn the novel, A Separate Peace by John Knowles, the protagonist, Gene Forrester battled within himself to recollect a separate peace and in this process directed his emotions at Phineas, his roommate. Forrester and Phineas formed the illusion of a great companionship, but there was a quiet rivalry between them in Forresters mind. Self deceptions in Forrester led him to believe that Phineas was out to get him (Forrester). Subconsciously Forrester jounced the limb of the tree and forced Phineas to pass on and break his leg. Phineas found out the truth of his accident with the help of Leper Lepellier and Brinker Hadley, who were friends that attended Devon High School. Gene Forresters conflict between his resentment of and loyalty toward Phineas reputation and athletic abilities was resolved by the death of Phineas.Gene Forrester and Phineas formed an illusion of a great companionship, which was sincere when they jumped from the forbidden tree. We were the bes t of friends at that moment, said Forrester when he remembered the instant (Knowles 10). Forrester looked deeper into his relationship with Phineas and became jealous of his talents, I was beginning to see that Phineas could get away with anything. I couldnt help envying that a little, which was perfectly normal (18). A silent rivalry was developed between Forrester and in his mind Phineas. Forrester attempted to become better than Phineas by studying more and maintaining a highe...

Transformation of Macbeth :: Macbeth essays

Transformation of Macbeth In the beginning of Shakespheres, Macbeth, the character, Macbethis basically an everyday normal type of soldier fighting and killing forhis king. His style at this point is the Thane of Glamis. Upon having agreat day on the battlefield, including killing MacDonwald, Macbeth has noclue as to what is in store for him. When Macbeth and his friend Banquomeet the witches for the starting line time, they are completely shocked. Whiletalking with the witches Macbeth and Banquo are told that Macbeth will benamed the Thane of Cawdor, and then later king. They also told Banquo thathis children will be kings, but that Banquo would not. After interview thisMacbeth begins to become ashamed with himself to think that he rattlingthought close to killing the king in order to the thr iodine from Duncan. At thispoint he is somewhat confused and maybe more curious than anything. Histhought was not to do anything drastic to become king. He basically says,whatever happens, happens. When Macbeth arrives home to his wife, doll Macbeth, she begins toplay mind games with him. She does this by trying to convince him tomurder Duncan. She tells him things like If you were a real man youd doit. This upsets Macbeth, and he begins to think that he is actually goingto do it, and eventually carries it out. What he doesnt realize is thathe will later regret his actions, and wish that he could turn back time. As in short as Macbeth has killed Duncan, he seems to start to lose hismind. He just doesnt know what to do with himself. In fact, he cannotfinish smearing the blood on the chamberlains, lady Macbeth had to. Astime goes by Macbeth begins to think that to keep his name clear he mustkill all the nation that may pose a terror to him. Even if it meanskilling his best friend, Banquo. Macbeth did this by hiring people to killhim. They succeeded in killing Banquo but his son Fleance escaped.Although this wasnt the end of Macbeths killing, for instance he killedon e mans(Macduffs) family, which basically didnt make any sense. After a couple more run ins with the witches, Macbeth completelyloses all his ability to think straight and starts killing people just toprevent anyone from finding that he killed Duncan. Not only has Macbethlost his mind, so has lady Macbeth. She is always caught walking in hersleep talking about Duncans death, and she eventually commits suicide.