Avon Marketing Strategy

Brainstorm for a few moments and come up with a list of five samples you could use in your professional portfolio. For each sample, indicate the skills and abilities that are reflected. Samples that I can add to my professional portfolio are : Certifications, Diplomas, Degrees, Community service, Volunteer work, Academic Record Newspaper or articles relating to your awards or achievements. 2. Lists two of the five visual perception tips discussed in this chapter that you want to keep in mind when you develop your own portfolio. * Title, Headings and Captions * Graphic images 3.What is another source of visual graphics that you use in your portfolio besides standard clip art? Photos, illustrations, maps and charts. 4. What are some advantages of the electronic portfolio? Advantages * It allows employers to look at your material at their convenience. * It allows employers to spend more time reviewing your qualifications outside the interview * It allows employers to conveniently share your portfolios with others. * setting. It is easy to update by deleting, adding, or changing electronic materials or links quickly.Here is when an electronic portfolio Is more flexible than paper based oratorios- changes can be made in minutes. 5. Describe an Interview scenario where you could easily refer to your professional portfolio. * I was called for an interview in a big organization. The of the Interview the human resources manager starts talking to me In his office, and he starts asking me questions and more questions about me and my professional life. At the end of the Interview he ask me if I have a diploma or master degree then that's when I show my professional portfolio where he can easily read In detail all my studies and achievements.

Wong Kar Wai’s “In the Mood for Love”

IN THE MOOD FOR LOVE Set in front of the conservative backdrop of 1960's Hong Kong, Wong Kar Wai's In the Mood for Love tells the intimate tale of two people who, by fate, seem to land themselves in each other's company due to the common bond of the absence of their spouses. The plot of the film is by no means anything original, but it is deeply accentuated by the style in which the film is shot. With unconventional camera angles, an inconsistent musical score, and deep, luscious colors, In the Mood for Love brings a seemingly real perspective to a very personal story. Mr. Chow (Tony Leung) and Mrs. Chang (Maggie Cheung) coincidentally, move in to their small neighboring Hong Kong flats on the same day. Mr. Chow, a newspaper editor with an unseen, but presumably traveling, wife, and Mrs. Chang, a secretary, also with an unseen business executive husband. The two often find their paths crossing as they frequent the same streets, restaurants, and noodle shop. It is when they discover that their spouses are having an affair that they begin to see each other. Unlike very fast paced, show-all, American films, the relationship that blossoms between Mr. Chow and Mrs. Chang is not one of immense passion and love, but more of a deeper unsaid understanding. It is the simple gestures such as the conversations, the gazing into one another's eyes, and the holding of hands where the real relationship lies. This could not be clearer when, in a climactic moment of the film, they briefly caress each other's hands in the back of a taxi. The film is accentuated by the unconventional, but highly innovative camera work throughout. Often times the camera remains stationary while the characters move about, and sometimes out of the frame. It's as if to remind the audience that we are looking through a peep hole rather than through a movie screen, and that there are things that we will not be able to see. Throughout various portions of the film, like the rice cooker scene, for example, you can hear the characters speaking, but you will actually have to visualize what they are doing. The position at which the camera lies throughout the movie is also noteworthy because of the strange angles it is put at, such as under a bed, over a person's shoulder, through metal grating, and in general, low to the ground. It seems that Wong Kar Wai is telling us â€Å"no, that's too easy. You need to look at this from a more difficult position, as if you were eavesdropping on these very private moments†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The rich colors and costumes of the film play a very large part in how the story is told as well. In the first scene, at the appearance of Mrs. Chan and her very colorful dress, the audience is immediately drawn to her and continues to watch her throughout the rest of the film. From then on each dress, one right after the other, begins to astonish the viewer with its lush colors and interesting patterns. This immediately sets Mrs. Chan apart from any other character, especially Mr. Chow, who dresses in relatively the same attire every day, creating a very physical contrast between two characters who are emotionally similar. Not only does the costuming add emphasis to the film, but the lighting of most of the scenes adds another layer onto they already thick stylized coat of the film. Much of the film takes place on the very foreign and almost enigmatic streets of Hong Kong, usually during the night, and we are provided with not quite enough illumination to see everything perfectly. This adds a heightened level of mystery throughout the entire film, especially in the first half, before the characters really meet. The warm colors, in a sense, add quite a bit to the slow pacing of the film. These are not very cold, vivid, or fast colors, but rather ones that let the scenes take their time, in a place where conversations are not hurried and friendly games with neighbors last into the late hours of the night. The editing also does its part to slow down the movie, making the shifts between days seamless and slowing scenes down into slow motion to literally â€Å"juice† the magic out of them. However, much, if not all of the aforementioned material is simply technique none of the true bread and butter of movies is covered. This is simply because there hardly was any. Is the plot original? No, not really. Is the script solid? Well, considering there was no actual script to begin with, no. But is the way in which all of these, otherwise boring, elements filmed beautiful and interesting? Absolutely! It seems that the true core of this movie is missing, but who's to say that every movie has to follow a standard formula? THEMES TIME After reading some interviews I found that Kar-wai was very interested in the past, almost nostalgic for how Hong Kong was when he was growing up. He also finds interesting ways to show the passing of time in In the Mood for Love with the many beautiful dresses that Mrs. Chang wears. ISOLATION Another heavy theme in In the Mood for Love is isolation. In a couple of the interviews Kar-wai mentioned that people (like himself) fleeing Shanghai to Hong Kong basically had to cram into apartments. Kar-wai creates a limited visual space by having actors off-camera, shooting in narrow hallways. Even the character’s emotions seem to distance themselves. CINEMATOGRAPHY The way Wong Kar-wai and Chris Boyle go about shooting movies is the complete opposite from every other director we’ve studied this semester. Instead of taking a more professional approach of meticulously planning out every shot, they figure out what would be best determined by location, and it seems they act more like bumbling film students rather than award winning filmmakers. â€Å"Our styles come from the way we work; like in Fallen Angels we started working in a very small teahouse, and the only way we could shoot the scene was with a wide-angle lens. But I thought the wide-angle lens was too normal, so instead I preferred an extreme wide-angle. And the effect is stunning because it draws the characters very close to the camera but twists the perspective of the space so they seem far away. It became a contrast to Chungking Express, in which people are very far away from the camera but seem so close. Also, we work with very limited budgets and we don't have permits, so we have to work like CNN, you know, just breaking into some place and taking some shots. We often don't have time for setups, and sometimes when neighbors walk into the frames we have to cut them out, and that becomes a jump cut. I think 10 or 15 percent is preconceived. Most of it just happens. † –Wong Kar-wai This is all very surprising because the most notable features in In the Mood for Love is the look of the film, which is beautiful. It’s nice to know there are other ways to go about shooting a film, and that being meticulous doesn’t make you a better director. The way you take on the challenges of shooting a film to be as visually competent as possible makes you a director. WORKING WITH ACTORS Seeing how Kar-wai’s filming techniques are by the seat of your pants, it comes as no surprise that his directing of actors is just as spontaneous. During the filming of In the Mood for Love, Maggie Cheung said that the camera would be far away (because he’s shooting with a wide angle I’d assume) and that he would all of a sudden want to switch the shot to slow motion, without telling any of the actors. â€Å"He will see a shot and then suddenly he will picture it as a slow motion shot and he'll just say, let's try one of those, and then he'll just do it, without us even knowing. I’m not sure if this is the best way to go about directing an actor unless you are absolutely sure about what you’re doing. Wong Kar-wai seems to be a free spirit in the way he speaks, and directs. Plus he has a close relationship with many collaborators so everyone knows what is needed from them to complete his vision. Kar-wai seems to know the most ab out human emotions and how to properly show them on the screen so they’re believable. I remember there was an emotional scene where I was saying good-bye to Andy Lau at a bus stop. We had to retake that scene the next day because I was not very good. I thought I had been good because I had been crying and crying, but Wong Kar Wai said, â€Å"It is not about that. It is not about how many tears drop out of your eyes or how emotional you are. † I said, â€Å"No? But you ask me to cry and I am crying, why am I doing it wrong? † He said, â€Å"But when you cry you should try to hold back. Nobody cries just like that. The minute you feel the sting in your eyes your first reaction should be ‘I don’t want to cry,’ and to hold it back. † INFLUENCES Wong Kar-wai was born in Shanghai and moved to Hong Kong when he was five. Leaving his 40 or so cousins, he became an only child thanks to the Cultural Revolution. Leaving the lifestyle of a small village full of friends and family your own age, to a city full of adults must have been very impressionable on the young Kar-wai. His mother loved movies and luckily for them there were plenty of theaters around playing Western, European, and local films, â€Å"we spent almost every day in the cinemas because she doesn't have any friends or relatives in Hong Kong†. Days of Being Wild, In the Mood for Love, and 2046 all take place during the 1960’s in Hong Kong, with slight political undertones so this place and time was obviously very important to him. Wong Kar-wai also seems to be heavily influenced by the French New Wave, but who isn’t? Like The 400 Blows and Breathless, Kar-wai’s films come off as a love letter to their settings because of how beautifully detailed the shots are. You can tell that he is in love with Hong Kong and that it is his greatest influence.

Lee Kuan Yew Essay

1. Historical Background of the Leader Lee Kuan Yew was born a British subject in at Kampong Java Road Singapore on September 16, 1923. He was born to Lee Chin Koon, an English-educated and a British subject, and Chua Jim Neo. He had three brothers and a sister namely, Dennis Lee, who was able to put up a law firm with Lee Kuan Yew called Lee & Lee, Freddy Lee, a stockbroker, Lee Suan Yew, who read medicine at the University of Cambridge, and Monica Lee. Lee Kuan Yew got married to Kwa Geok Choo on September 30, 1950. They had two sons, Lee Hsien Loong, who became a Prime Minister in Singapore, and Lee Hsien Yang, who was a former President and Chief Executive Officer of SingTel. They also had a daughter named Lee Wei Ling, who runs the National Neuroscience Institute. He first studied at Telok Kurau Primary School, which he perceived as a school whose primary students were poor and not as bright and advantaged. He moved to Raffles Institution, where he was challenged because he was surrounded with the top 150 students in Singapore. Despite this, he still strived to get into the top of his class. On his junior year, he studied in Cambridge where he was able to receive scholarships and top position for the School Certificate examinations. Lee also received a scholarship for Raffles College (National University of Singapore) where he obtained the top student position for both Singapore and Malaya. When the Japanese arrived in Singapore, Lee’s university education was delayed. He used this time to learn Japanese and work as a clerk in a textile importing company. He also put up his own business where he manufactured stationery glue. When the war finished, Lee continued his studies in London School of Economics and afterwards moved to University of Cambridge. Here, he took up law at Fitzwilliam College and graduated with a double First Class Honors, an award that is rarely received. After taking up his graduate degree, he returned to Singapore to work as a lawyer. He was offered a job in John Laycock’s law firm, which he served as a legal advisor to the trade and students’ union. He also worked as an  election agent for the company, and this is where he encountered politics. Eventually, he was able to work is way to the top and he became the first Prime Minister of Singapore on June 3, 1959. During his term, he was able to make third world country, Singapore, to a first world country.1 2. Application of Edwin Locke’s Framework 3. Leadership Styles Covey’s Transformational vs. Transactional Lee Kuan Yew was more of a transformational leader. He involved changing the organization and its members for the better. He motivated his subordinates to work for â€Å"higher level† goals that allegedly transcend their personal interests. He shaped and drove Singapore’s development, catapulting the city-state from a Third World backwater, to the front ranks of the First World. An example for this would be when he wanted to lower down the unemployment rate. He decided that change was necessary and they specifically needed to get manufacturing sectors put up in Singapore then sent back to America. This resulted to them running and exporting within months, which solved their unemployment problem. Another example would be the time when he inspired the polyglot population to become the intellectual and technical center of the region. This resulted then to becoming a major player in the international economic market. Lee Kuan Yew was able to transform Singapore drastically by appealing to his followers’ values and sense of higher purpose to execute his vision for a new and improved Singapore. He was also able to align his vision accordingly with his followers, which can be seen in a testimony saying that Lee has created a tiny island of three million who constantly strive to improve. Schmidt and Tannebaum’s Continuum Lee Kuan Yew’s style is nearing the Laissez Faire leadership. He shares decision-making with group members specifically cabinet and party members, experts, the people of Singapore and many others and works with them side by side (Dubrin et al., 2006).8 He cannot be depicted wholly as a Laissez Faire  leader due to the fact that although he considers other peoples’ opinions, but since he is a Prime Minister, he has to make the final decisions. Lee Kuan Yew also allows his people to take a vote on certain issues and make them decide the outcome. An example for this would be him holding a referendum on merger with Malaysia. Blake and Mouton There are people who believe that Lee Kuan Yew is a participative leader (Dubrin et al, 2006, 75) since when he makes deicisions, he does so with a group of members and he works with them side by side. In this case, Lee’s group included his cabinet and party members, the experts he consulted with, the people of Singapore and many others. It is hard to pin point a specific subtype of participative leadership and he displays all three: Consultative, Consensus and Democratic. As Prime Minister it is important to consider other people’s opinions but often he has the power of making the final decision. This is called consultative leadership. A consensus leader will aim to have all members agree on an issue although in Lee’s case, it is virtually impossible as there are so many people involved when making decisions on behalf of the nation. A democratic leader is one who takes a vote on an issue to decide the outcome. The best example of that in Lee’s case is holding a referendum.10 His high concern for people is also seen in the riot between Malaysia and Singapore. The riot ended with twenty-three fatalities and hundreds injured so Lee appealed to the public to end the riot and severed ties with Malaysia (Wikipedia, 2007, n.p). This demonstrated his â€Å"utilitarianism† approach to decision making. He believed that the merger with Malaysia was crucial for Singapore’s survival but he saw that his people were displeased and that the situation could result in more bloodshed so he decided that ending the Federation would be the most beneficial decision. Situational Leadership and David Coleman’s Situations Lee Kuan Yew is definitely has a coercive leadership style. Despite the fact that Singapore was in a crisis, he was able to deal with a very difficult task and that is to transform a developing nation into one of the world’s most developed countries. Through industrialization, Singapore was able to  work her way up to the top. Lee Kuan Yew could also be considered as having affiliation as his leadership style since he was able to devise a plan with the Malayan Prime Minister, Tunku Abdul Rahman to merge the countries of Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore together to form a Federation in order to end British Colonial Rule, despite the fact that this union was short-lived. 4. Special Qualities Bennis’ Attributes Lee Kuan Yew possessed a guided vision. An example for this would be his vision of greening the city in Singapore. Due to his determination he has transformed Singapore to one of the greenest cities of the world.13 Lee Kuan Yew also possessed passion. According to the former Malaysian Finance Minister Daim Zainuddin. He remains, as always, passionate about Singapore, its citizens, its future and its relationship with its neighbors. That passion has driven him to make Singapore vibrant and relevant, and towards this he is committed to shaping the minds of young Singaporeans. This latest book illuminates his thinking that is bound to raise discussions about the future of Singapore. Covey’s Seven Habits Lee Kuan Yew was also believed to have made proactive movements under his governance. Himself a lawyer, Mr. Lee Kuan Yew knows the importance of effective law enforcement and rigorous administrative system. Under his leadership, the Government has been proactive in developing high standards of public health and a quality environment with clean air, clean land, clean water and also a control on noise pollution. Aside from this, Lee Kuan Yew set his priorities straight. He aimed for Singapore’s economic and social development, which he made sure that the government delivered, even if it meant tough laws such as the Land Acquisition Act. He also prioritized nationhood and unity. He provided a  quality living environment, regardless of status, coupled with universal home ownership. He believed this will contribute to the sense of equality in the society. He even said in a speech â€Å"You can’t have this sense without giving all Singaporeans a clean and green Singapore. Today, whether you are in a flat, executive condominium or landed property, it’s clean. You don’t live equally, but you are not excluded from the public spaces for everybody.† Greenleaf’s Servant Leadership Lee Kuan Yew was a prime minister and a public servant. He places service before self-interest (Dubrin et al, 2006, 69). He is concerned with developing his people’s welfare and socioeconomic status, which included creating a better health and education standards. Lee is also believed to â€Å"listen first to express confidence in others,† another attribute of a servant leader. He pays attention for his to be able to acquire insights to concerns and problems in order to decide what action he has to take to resolve these issues. As a politician in a democratic society, this is crucial because if Lee ignored the needs of his country he would have be overturned and lost power. A servant leader must also be able to â€Å"inspire trust by being trustworthy.† Lee built a foundation of trust early in his political career. He was able to relate to his voters by describing his political party, People’s Action Party as, â€Å"beer-swilling bourgeois.† (Wikipedia, 2007, n.p) More importantly, he consistently delivered on his policies. An example for this would be when he was recognising Singapore’s housing problem and solving it. There was a shortage of housing so he organised housing to be built on government owned land and currently, 90% of Singaporeans own their own home as cited by Elegant, Elliot and Smith. (2005, p.38). Lee Kuan Yew is also considered a servant leader since he focuses on what is feasible to accomplish† and concentrates on the most important issues which means some will be neglected. As Prime Minister, he was responsible for an entire country with a population of over four million so naturally, some issues would be overlooked but he ensured that his people’s interests were placed first and his three main concerns were national security, the economy a nd social issues. 5. Conclusions and Implications for Organizational Effectiveness Lee Kuan Yew is considered one of the most successful and exceptional leaders of our time. He is able to communicate with people and identify with their goals and aspirations. He is also trustworthy and this could be demonstrated in his track record of good judgment. Smedinghoff (2004, p.9) believes Lee displays excellent character and this is shown through his integrity. He states that, â€Å"Lee Kuan Yew’s insistence on replicating his integrity was recognized when the Institute for National Development voted Singapore the least corrupt country in Asia, and the seventh least corrupt worldwide.† His accomplishment and forty year reign in Singapore’s political scene speaks for himself. It is evident that he is highly regarded by many. Lee is testimony to show what hard work, perseverance and discipline can achieve. Lee Kuan Yew has achieved what many world leaders dream of and accomplished this without violence. He is an example of an exemplary leader. Reference: AsiaOne. â€Å"Lee Kuan Yew: Hard Truths to Keep Singapore Going.† AsiaOne. N.p., 9 Sept. 2011. Web. 25 Nov. 2013. Chan, Robin. â€Å"Lee Kuan Yew: Rare Leader Who Lived by His Convictions.†Singapolitics. N.p., 16 Sept. 2013. Web. 21 Nov. 2013. Drysdale, J. G. S. (1984). Singapore: Struggle for Success.Singapore: Times Books International, p. 301. (Call No.: RSING 959.57 DRY) Edinger, Lewis. â€Å"The Comparative Analysis of Political Leadership.† Comparative Politics 7.2 (January 1975): 253-69 Family (Lee, Lee Kuan Yew (2000). From Third World to First. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish.) Keng-Lian, Koh. â€Å"Singapore: Vision of Former Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew of the Garden City.† ESCAP Virtual Conference. Han Fook Kwang, Warren Fernandez and Sumiko Tan, n.d. Web. 21 Nov. 2013. Kissinger, Henry. â€Å"Lee Kuan Yew.† Time 100. Time, 29 Apr. 2010. Web. 21 Nov. 2013. â€Å"Leadership Analysis – Lee Kuan Yew.† A Student’s Guide to Leadership. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Nov. 2013. â€Å"Lee Kuan Yew Interview Transcript.† Interview by Lorraine Hahn. Singapore Window. N.p., 14 May 2002. Web. 21 Nov. 2013. Singapolitics. â€Å"Top Leaders Recall LKY’s Leadership Style.† AsiaOne. N.p., 16 Sept. 2013. Web. 21 Nov. 2013. â€Å"The Planning of a City-State.† Proc. of Remarks by Mr Peter Ho, Chairman of the Urban Redevelopment Authority at the Lee Kuan Yew and the Physical Transformation of Singapore Public Conference. N.p., 18 Sept. 2013. Web. 21 Nov. 2013.

Workplace Diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Workplace Diversity - Essay Example Therefore, it has developed a need to ensure that individuals understand and accept each other since it is diversity, which has been determined as a necessary factor for the success of a business (Cox, 1991). Thus, diversity in the workplace is essential for the creation of working relationships that are not only productive but also mirror the changing aspect of business where it is the need to develop an understanding of the needs and references of clients. Religious diversity does not often lead to discrimination at the work place (Tanenbaum, 2011). Most of the organizations looks into expertise that will enable the organization to earn profits. However, there are some instances where religious diversity is used as a tool of discrimination. A significant problem in most workplaces in the world is that they often employ those individuals who are from the same religious background, for example, if a Christian owns a business, people from this religion will be given preference over others. Therefore, this should not be the case because, despite the differences in religion, it should be recognized that people are still human beings who can interact with one another to ensure that the business achieves its goals (Harvey 2012, p.51). Moreover, because of religious diversity in the workplace, there is an increase in the possibility that an organization will be able to provide services for individuals across diverse religious background becaus e the organization will have a better understanding of how to handle these individuals.

Critique a legal article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critique a legal article - Essay Example There have been many interesting controversies about the nursing practice in United States since it was formally introduced and recognized as a profession in the late nineteenth century. Majority of the issues were humanistic in approach tackling about the actual institution of medical ethics. However, there have been a growing number of legal concerns that were entertained too. In fact, the Legal Eagle Eye Newsletter for the Nursing Profession has published a recent legal matter involving a patient who died due to the negligence of the stationed nurse. The autopsy conducted showed â€Å"aspiration of food as the cause of the cardiopulmonary arrest that killed the patient† (Snyder, 2010). Tracing back the facts of the case, the patient was actually suffering from a swallowing disorder termed as dysphagia. At a particular time, a nursing aide came to his room and left a sandwich on his tray table and then went away. The patient ate the sandwich without supervision which was ci ted as the main reason of his choking resulting to his death. The heirs of the deceased sued the hospital who gained a favorable decision from the Appellate Court of Illinois in November of 2009. The said honorable court declared the stationed nurse negligent and required the hospital to pay the family of the deceased in the amount of five hundred thousand dollars. In addition, the appellate court affirmed that â€Å"before a nurse may delegate any care task to an aide, it is the nurse’s responsibility to determine that the task is appropriate for performance by an aide and by the particular aide selected to perform it† (as cited in Snyder, 2010). Hence, â€Å"violation of the standard of care for a care-giving task by a non-licensed aide is also a violation of the standard of care by the professional nurse responsible for supervising the aide† (Snyder, 2010). In this regard, it can be stated that nurses just like the other professionals in the society are obliged to serve

Risk Assessment in Leroy Merlin hypermarket in Swidnica Essay

Risk Assessment in Leroy Merlin hypermarket in Swidnica - Essay Example The paper tells that the goal of safety management in organizations and the development of Safety Management Systems (SMSs) is the achievement of peak safety performance. This means no operational incidents, no personal injuries, and no harm to the environment. This therefore enhances the safety of the employees in any organization. This study location; Leroy Merlin hypermarket in Swidnica is still some way from achieving this goal. Tools such as the SMSs undoubtedly help compliance with rules but they do not necessarily improve safety environment. There is an ordinary recognition in this company that encouraging safe working performance does not require more rules, regulations, and procedures. Instead, the company needs a better comprehension of the social and organizational aspects that foster professionalism and emergency situations. Original attempts to improve workplace safety and or reduce risks, focused on the mechanical and engineering aspects of the company’s systems. The focus widened as the role of human error became more evident. Human mistakes were blamed for the safety culture in workplace areas. The absence of a safety culture in any organization is the significant contributor to the disaster, and potential hazards. Thus, safety culture can be defined as â€Å"That assembly of facets and attitudes in companies and individuals which establishes that, as an overriding priority, safety issues receive the attention warranted by their significance†.

Gender Analysis in a case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Gender Analysis in a case study - Essay Example The case study in Mexico simply highlights how gender is embedded in the improvement of sanitation and water availability in peri-urban and rural areas. The Joint programme on establishing effective and democratic water and sanitation management in Mexico used a conventional approach in upgrading the involvement of women in water related public institutions. This case study used the Moser framework because it focused mainly on the planning principles of those planning to incorporate gender into their work programs or projects. Moser (1993, 5) stated that those planning to do so lacked the needed planning doctrines and procedural tools. It emphasized on women’s participation in the local water management and their duties in boosting water access in the community. Men, women and the local authorities were advised on how to positively contribute in the improvement of water access in the community. Each of them was assigned particular roles in achieving these objectives and to be able to work simultaneously. The programme found this beneficial especially to the women because they felt appreciated to be able to be a part of the desired change. The Moser framework which is also referred to as the triple-roles framework merely provides different approaches towards attaining the same goal. It places priority on giving men and women roles for the economic development of their projects. It implements gender division of labor and gender distribution of resources. The community is expected to know which roles they play according to the resources they have (Candida, et al 1999). This framework provides a simplistic way of collecting women’s and men’s data while at the same time provide access and management to resources (Warren 2007). Using the proper methods to collect data is very important in any type of framework so as not to create any

Information Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Information Systems - Essay Example The CDMS is not only required to manage these activities but also required to provide decision support to Chief Executive. Moreover, it will serve as the first impression for the client at web. By building a web interface we mean, building a web enabled application. At application level we have to build various forms and reports in web page format. In our case we will make web pages in dotnet using C# at backend and ASP.net as the front end language. Our database in SQL Server 2000 will be connect be connected to our application through a connection object in application. We will be build web pages for the employees of the company; these pages will only be accessible through authorized login in to the application. SSL will be implemented to ensure the security of the information while accessing the application from web. However, clients of the company can access various informational pages without establish and secure channel and login. The level of user input will be kept to an absolute minimum in order to avoid typo errors from the user. Wherever possible, user input shall be facilitated with components that reduce possibilities of input-errors. CDMS is a mini Web Application on donNet platform. The application is designed for a small Computer Dealer and business requirement for big organizations are not catered for in this document. The database design is kept as simple as possible to avoid complexity. However, it provides all basic functionalities required for the implementation of a mini web application. SQL queries are provided only for example purposes and are not test over SQL Server 2000, which is the proposed database server for the application. Only few important functional requirements of the system are enlisted for the purpose of conciseness, however the design of the system can support many other functionalities which can be implemented while actual development of the system. This design

The history of the number zero Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The history of the number zero - Research Paper Example For instance, the numbers 2011 and 211 represent two different numbers and have completely different sense. Secondly, zero is used in its form as a number itself i.e. 0. Both the above mentioned uses of zero have been exceedingly important. Yet, the two above described uses of zero cannot report historical evidence of creation of zero. It would not have been so easy for the term and idea behind the invention of the number to be widely accepted and used. The number and term zero has not been spontaneously derived concept. It took a huge period to develop the concept and use of zero as a name and a symbol (O'Connor and Robertson, 2000). Zero as a number, symbol and a concept has been indeed important and is known possibly worldwide for its significant usage. The recognition, apprehension and functioning of zero has been the fundamental of the world now that today, zero fulfils a key role in mathematics as the real numbers, additive identity of the integers, and a lot of other algebraic structures. In addition, the concept of zero can be employed in calculus, accounting, finance, statistics, computers, and particularly in today's connected world. The development of zero from being merely a placeholder to the driver of calculus has crossed centuries, and involved diverse and extensively great cognitive thinking, both in extent and scope globally (Kaplan and Seife, 2002). As a concept, zero indicates ‘nothing’ or ‘naught’. â€Å"How can nothing be something?† is a question that ancient Greeks asked themselves. Records have shown that they seemed to be uncertain about the interpretation of zero as a number. The creation and status of zero has led to philosophical and religious arguments by Middle-ages (Bourbaki, 1998). As a matter of fact, today’s Arabic number system has originated in India, but is comparatively newly developed. From the beginning, people have been labeling amounts and measures with a variety of figures and sy mbols throughout centuries, while facing difficulties in performing most elementary arithmetic computations with those number systems. A counting system had been first developed by the Sumerians as they wanted to mark and keep the accounts of the quantities of their goods such as cattle, horses, and donkeys. The drawback regarding the Sumerian system was that the system was positional which means that the positioning of a specific symbol as compared to others denoted its value. Around 2500 BC, Akkadians handed down The Sumerian system and in 2000 BC, the same was done by the Babylonians. The evolution of zero seems to have initiated from the Babylonians which has crossed may centuries and was very different from the symbol know to us today. Babylonians were the first to ideate a mark to to make it realized that a number had been missing from a column. For instance, 0 in the number 2011 expresses that there are no hundreds in that number. By that time zero did not have any symbol to denote the space. Although Ancient Greeks have brought many famous mathematicians who learned the basic principles of their mathematics from the Egyptians and they had a number system, but that system lacked a placeholder like the one of Babylonians so they could not suggest a name to indicate that empty space. They might have contemplated the name to denote that place between numbers, but there is no such evidence to draw conclusion that the symbol even

The Impact of Total Quality Management on Employees Productivity Research Proposal

The Impact of Total Quality Management on Employees Productivity - Research Proposal Example This research paper will is based on the concept of total quality management but it will take a detour from the common studies that have been undertaken in regards to this concept, which have largely been centered on management issues. Moreover, studies conducted by Creech (1994) stated that total quality management (TQM) is aimed towards creating excellence and due to this fact; it focuses on promoting the right attitudes within organizations and even implementing control measures in order to avoid costly mistakes. The detour will lead to a research study that seeks to investigate the impact of TQM on the level of productivity amongst the employees. Productivity in this context will refer to the performance measure of both employee effectiveness and efficiency. It will be important to conduct this research study because in a majority of the widely available scholarly literature there is very little mention of how TQM directly affects the level of employee productivity. This research gap provides a justification for conducting this present research study, as it will seek to establish the relationship between the fundament concepts of excellence or TQM and their direct impact on the level of employees’ productivity. This means that a method of a measure will be established in order to gauge the extent to which the fundamental concepts of TQM influence the level of employee productivity. First, Evans and Lindsey (2008) defined total quality management as a combination of socio-technical processes that are aligned towards doing the right things (externally), everything right (internally), first time and all the time, with economic viability considered at each stage of each process. In the writings by Goetsch and Davis (2010), they argued that organizations, which have  implemented TQM have always been able to undertake strategic planning in order attain the mission as well as make significant strides towards their vision. Goetsch and Davis (2010) further argued that such organizations are always capable of achieving a balanced set of results, which enables them to attain long-term as well as short-term objectives.

Jack Nicklaus biography and he's impact on society Essay

Jack Nicklaus biography and he's impact on society - Essay Example The Introduction of tournaments like Jack Nicklaus International invitation has motivated golf lovers with different skill levels to participate and to enhance the popularity of the game. Nicklaus himself was the most dominant personality among the golfers of his generation who has taken efforts to bring the sport of golf to the forefront. Jack Nicklaus-The golf legend Jack Nicklaus was born in Ohio on 21st of January 1962 and he started playing gold at the age of ten and even at this stage he showed immense talent and the rise of a promising player was in progress even from his childhood. The world witnessed an irresistible growth of Nicklaus over the finest golf players like Arnold palmer, Lee Trevino, Johnny Miller and Tom Watson in the next three decades. Nicklaus had eighteen professional and two armature wins in his golf career along with nineteen second and nine third place finishes. He has been ranked among the top ten players in 73 majors which constitute almost half of the successive majors he participated. Only five golf players in the world hold the record to win all the four major titles and Nicklaus became successful in obtaining this glorious achievement (Mackintosh 163). It is better to have a look in to the achievements of Jack’s golf career in order to get a clear picture of his extra ordinary talent as a golf player. He won six masters title in 1963, 1965, 1966 1972, 1975 and 1986, five PGA Championships in1963, 1971, 1973, 1975 and 1980, three British Opens in 1966, 1970 and 1978, and four U S Opens in 1962, 1967, 1972 and 1980. These tournaments are considered to be the key ones of professional golf. Nicklaus is the only one to hold the record for three time wins of all these four major tournaments. The list of his victories is pretty long and apart from the major tournament victories he won seventy one PGA Tours and achieved fifty eight second and thirty six third places. He also won five World Series of Golf titles, six numbers of Australian Opens, six Rider Cup appearances and many more victories around the world. Jack Grout discovered the abilities of Nicklaus for the first time and he took Nicklaus to the Scioto Country Club in Columbus his performance was very well appreciated by Senead, the defending champion of that period. Bobby Johns a legendary golf player of the era had made comment on the talent of the fifteen year old Nicklaus as â€Å"he plays a game with which I am totally unfamiliar,† which shows the expectations that golfers had regarding the future of Nicklaus (Mackintosh 164). The determination and a genuine desire to strive towards perfection always prompted Jack Nicklaus to look introspectively and question whether â€Å"he was making the proper adjustments to correct his swing technique during rounds when his play was inconsistent† (Shaw 86). It was this dedication, sincerity and hard work that made him an unchallenged champion in golf. Nicklaus turned professional after his victory in the 1961 U S Armature championship. In the year 1962, Nicklaus won U S Open title which was the first achievement in his professional golf career and in 1963 he won the Masters title and became the first ever golfer to achieve a

Individual Perspective Paper Essay Example for Free

Individual Perspective Paper Essay Today modern psychology consists of many ideas of science and psychology of the past. Several psychologists have come together to share their perspectives and related ideas for the advancement of psychology. One major influence in early psychology is behaviorism and John B. Watson, B.F. Skinner, and Edward C. Tolman are considered contributors to behaviorisms. These are distinguished psychologists who have different perspectives on conditioning and behaviorism and how their different practices can be used to treat patients dealing with different issues. This paper will elaborate on their perspectives and contributions and show comparison and contrast in psychology today. Over the years American psychology prepared the way for behaviorism to become the dominant force in the discipline. This is a result of three psychologists Edward Tolman, Clark Hull, and B.F. Skinner who followed in the footsteps of Watson. Psychology’s history frequently refers to Watsonian behaviorism that revolutionized in 1913 and was called â€Å"Behaviorist Manifesto†. John Watson was born 1878 and attained a Master’s degree when he was 21. Watson studied philosophy and sought out his own theories about behavior that he referred to as, â€Å"behaviorism†. Watson discovered the school of behaviorism in psychology and was also the founder. Behaviorism is learning perspective of psychology that is idea that all things are organism to included feelings, acting, thinking, and are rewards of behaviors. His theory that is known as classical behaviorism is considered classical conditioning. His belief is, people do not experience emotions; however, they are more responding stimuli. Watson’s idea for classical behaviorism was to produce more objective science (Goodwin, 2008). John Watson became more famous for his little Albert experiment. Little Albert was a child whose parents worked in the laboratory, and his parents had to bring him to work with them every day. Albert while at the lab played with the rat to keep busy. Watson noticed Albert’s behavior with the rat and considered it stimuli. He continued to have Albert play with the rat; however, Watson decided to conduct an experiment that he would hit a hammer this would signify that it was time to play. He conducted about seven presentations with the rat. He created a loud sound that scared Albert, and he started to develop a new response that was fear. The fear that Albert showed became more visible when he was present with other thinks that reminded him of the rat. These thinks could be dogs, furs, men with beard, and anything furry (Watson Rayne, 1920) The next psychologist to come along was B.F. Skinner who was born in 1904. Skinner attended Hamilton College in New York. Skinner was more into English Literature and had hopes of becoming a future writer, however he was unsuccessful. Skinner attended Howard University as a psychology student, after reading â€Å"An Outline of Philosophy† which spoke of John Watson. B.F. Skinner invented what known as the operant condition chamber and cumulative recorder. It developed the rate of response which became a dependent variable in psychological research. With this research Skinner was able to develop a more powerful, inductive, data driven method of experimental research. After these accomplishments he received his Ph.D. in psychology. B.F. Skinner discovered his very own perspective known as radical behaviorism. Skinner’s theory indicated behavior is a result of what was happening in the environment. The behavior would exhibit cause and effect, whether positive or negative. It determined the probability of the reproduction of the behavior. Skinner’s focused on heavy attention regarding schedule of reinforcement. Reinforcement indicated that the more attention given to the behavior, the reward is more likely to change. Once the behavior reoccurred the absence of the reward would decrease the likelihood of it would repeating itself. This type of conditioning is referred to as operant conditioning. It can be said that both Skinner and Watson’s had very similar outlook on behavior; however, they had one major difference. Watson argued against using reference in mental state and that psychology should be a study directly related to the behavior. Skinner rejected and stuck to his beliefs that everything was related to behavior (Goodwin, 2008). The next psychologist is Edward C. Tolman who had his own perspective on behavior which he referred to a purposive behaviorism. Tolman was born in 1886 and attained his Ph.D. at Howard University. Tolman believed that behaviorist methodology was not radical behaviorist like that of his counterpart Skinner. He also believed that learning will occur without reinforcement. He believed that the information that is learned would be used in different environments. The behavior was not only just automatic responses to the stimuli. Despite Tolman’s view with the behaviorist, his view of the subject became known for the cognitive theory of learning. His thoughts were that learning was developed by knowledge and cognition of the environment and its relation. Tolman’s also conducted experiment using lab rats; however, Tolman studied rats running in a maze without any reward and determine his own analysis. Thus he presented his theory that revealed learning could occur with the absence of a reward, and also humans learn without awareness. One the information is available or needed is when the person becomes aware of what has to be learned. His belief is that there are drives that motivate behavior and only when there is a shift in the motives then there will be a disturbance in the behavior. The comparison between Watson, Skinner and Tolman is that the all were psychologist and behaviorist. Their idea and belief is that behavior is the main reason a person function the way they do and the details differ. Watson believed that there is a connection between how people respond to the environment. If a person has difficulty with certain behaviors, psychologist ties to reverse the behavior modification in hopes of desensitizing the fears that would change the behavior. Skinner’s theory is different from that of Watson’s and indicated that behaviors are a result of consequences. He did not believe the idea of inner cause for a behavior, but the reappearance was based on the consequences received once the behavior is present. Skinner perspective is that reinforcement can help to reduce progression of a behavior. It there is a reward every time for the behavior it would eventually decrease. Tolman’s theory regarding behavior is that learning can occur even if there is an absence related to the reward without even knowing that learning occurred. Tolman’s greatest discovery was related to cognitive map. While researching behavior he noticed that thought processes occurred in his subjects. His cognition map is uses among other professions in modern psychology and he is known has the father of cognitive theory. In conclusion, John B. Watson, B.F. Skinner, and Edward C. Tolman are considered behaviorist of some type. The have strong beliefs in there underline behavior and found reason to support their theory. They are all considered the forefathers in psychology and their perspectives are contributions to the way behavior is seen today. Reference Goodwin, C. (2008). A History of Modern Psychology (3rd ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. Watson, J., Rayner, R. (1920). Conditioned Emotional Reactions. Retrieved from http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Watson/emotion.htm

Micro Environment Analysis of Samsung

Micro Environment Analysis of Samsung Samsung was founded by Lee Byung-chul. In 1938 Samsung was born as a company that was dealing with fruit vegetable and dried fish. The company was exporting its product from South Korea to Beijing in China. In 1969, Samsung Electronics was born. From there, the company started acquiring and creating different business establishments including a hospital, paper manufacturing plant, life insurance company, department stores and many others In 1974, Samsung electronics acquired half of Korea Semiconductor -this made it the leading electronics manufacturer in the country. In eighties Samsung Electronics merged with Samsung Semiconductors and Telecommunications. http://www.streetdirectory.com/travel_guide/116664/electronics/the_history_of_samsung.html 2. MICRO ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS OF SAMSUNG The aim of this section is to conduct an internal environment analysis of Samsung which will investigate the environment in which Samsung operates in. components of the analysis will be those in which the company has control over, as known as internal environment. 2.1 Strength Samsung is the second biggest telecommunication industry in the world through its innovation smart phone. Samsung has wide range of product includes Cell phones, Tables, Tvs Cameras, Home appliances, laptops, etc. Samsung have increase their brand value in this past three to four years Samsung is leading in design features. For example Samsung is the first one to produce dual screen phones, and they have a thinnest and lightest note pad ever. Their design are attractive and stylish at the result their sales are moving in high volumes 2.2 Weakness Their prices are low, hence their product loss value easy in the market They launch a new phone after another that can cause confusion to the customers. Poor creativity in terms of software, mostly they steal Apples software ideas Their products are not use friendly, as compare to Nokia phones They are leading in hardware but they have too much dependence for their software from other parts. 3. EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS OF SAMSUNG This section will focus on the Macro environment of Samsung and I will explain how the external factors affect the company by looking in their opportunities and threats also go through PESTEL analysis. 3.1 Threats Low cost competitors from China can affect Samsung All Samsung competitors bought their product parts in Chine that can lead a future fall to Samsung. The war between Samsung and Apple might contaminate the image of Samsung Samsung was banned from importing their products in a Euro Zone that left a bad image of Samsung in that zone Apple is dominating in South and North America, and builds its brand to make any new difficult to operate there. Apple and Nokia they are in a process of merging, that could be a threat to Samsung because Nokia has built its brand already especial in Africa, which is Nokia can just take its customers In Australia, Google Nexus 7 have a market lion share which make Samsung straggle to penetrate the market smoothly because Australia does not see big difference Samsung tablets and Nexus 7 Sony has release a new tablet which has almost the same feature which Apple and Samsung have. In German, Samsung is straggling to penetrate the market because they believe that Samsung is incompetent, is copying from Apple iPod. (www.marketing91.com) 3.2 Opportunity Samsung need to introduce user friendly products and educate their market about their product, because there is a big market in Africa yet the majority is uneducated, Here in South Africa they need to open their own stores, whereby they go to sell only their own products Samsung could launch no name brand like MTN and Vodafone whereby they will take the out date old model, change only a cover and sell with cheaper price. 3.3 PESTEL ANALYSIS The PESTEL analysis is an analysis of the external macro environment in which an which an organization operates. These are often factors which are beyond the control or influence the business (RapidBi, 2013). PESTEL will be used as a tool to analyze the Macro environment of Samsung. 3.3.1 Political environment Looking at the political environment, how the impact of politics affecting Samsung globally, As much as Samsung is a good company not everybody see like that, due to the strong competition between Apple and Samsung it ended up involving government in other countries. American government trying to stop Samsung influences the Euro zone to block Samsung to have market around Europe. Specifically in German Samsung was forced to withdraw its Galaxy tablet. Also South Korea stops Samsung to operate in there due to the political differences between Japan and South Korean government. 3.3.2 Economic environment Samsung has expanded its business to more than 58 countries. Samsung mostly they invest heavily to the infrastructure in each end every country they have a business in. Here in South Africa they bought a land whereby they going to build the big plant, whereby it will manufacture or assemble its products for whole Africa, it means there are employment opportunities coming and there is an opportunity for South African economy. This plant is expected to employ more than 3000 people. 3.3.3 Social Environment Social trend in South African environment are constantly changing as new innovation technology and services have impact to the needs and wants of South African communities. The stats show that there is an increase attraction to the technology which has become the primary means of communication. Samsung find that gaps to improving peoples lives. The challenge is that many people do not know how to use Samsung products in a proper way especially these new tablet phones. People steal need to be educated on how to use these tablets phone that is a challenge of our societies. 3.3.4Technological environment Technology in South Africa has advance and grown rapidly over the years and has affected the way we do things here in South Africa. Technology has change the way the business is done as social media has a crucial role in sustainability strategy of most businesses. Samsung find a way of take a business out of the building structure to the pocket. By introducing Galaxy Note 2 is more tablet like than phone like, it mean that you can do you work in the public transport, in the restaurants, anywhere, without filling intermediated of carrying big machine. 3.3.5 Ecological environment Samsung Electronics is operating its own voluntary take-back system across Korea (Republic), using a network of 130 of service centers and Anycall Plaza retail outlets (exclusive outlets for Samsungs Any call brand). End of Life mobile phones are collected either free of charge, or in some cases with a customer reward. The returned phones are then sorted and transported to recycling facilities for scrapping. They makes an effort to develop environment-friendly product that minimizing an impact to environment through whole process from getting raw materials, production, transportation, usage and end-of-life disposal by adding environment on function, price, quality, design that were the essence for product development, Samsung reporting the recycling amounts for Korea and Japan from 2004, for Europe from 2005, and for the United States from 2006. For 2006, they have forecasted an estimate of volumes they expecting to recycle this year. (www.samsung.com) 3.3.6 Legal environment The South African government has decided in April of 2011, the Consumer Protection Act68 of 2008 should come in operation. This might have a negative impact to the company like Samsung because they have a tendency of dumping their low quality product in third world country to maximize their profit as they did in India. There are strong labour laws in South Africa which might have a strong negative impact to Samsung operating in South Africa as they intend to open a big factory in Johannesburg as a distribution center for Africa; it will be a challenge to them if they think they are going to exploit people in South Africa. 4. MARKETING ENVIRONMENT This section will be focusing on the Marketing Environment in which Samsung operates and I will be evaluating its effects on the new Tablet in term of the competitive in the industry. 4.1 Industrial Challenges This section will be broken into three parts: Porters 5 forces, competitive analysis by comparison and industry trend 4.1.1 Michael porters porters fives forces Porter five forces analysis is a framework for industry analysis and business strategy development formed by Michael E. Porter of Harvard Business School in 1979. It draws upon industrial organization (IO) economics to derive five forces that determine the competitive intensity and therefore attractiveness of a market. Attractiveness in this context refers to the overall industry profitability. An unattractive industry is one in which the combination of these five forces acts to drive down overall profitability. A very unattractive industry would be one approaching pure competition, in which available profits for all firms are driven to normal profit. (wikimedia.org) http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Porters_five_forces.PNG http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Porters_five_forces.PNG This model will be used to analyse the Industry Challenges faced by Samsung 4.1.1 The threat of potential new entrants capital is required to compete in technology industry. Capital to buy the equipments and capital to carry out the marketing activities and other expenses should be available. However, Microsoft will release its new first Tablet soon, this mean Microsoft will be a new threat to Samsung. Microsoft will lavage on the success of their software Product Differentiation So far theres no different on how the market design its software, hence the market hope that Microsoft will bring something new in the market, if not they will not survive in this industry because this only way they can differentiate themselves Even then, overcoming issues such as customer loyalty and switching costs would be another large barrier to entry such as Microsoft. 4.1.2 The threat of substitutes The threat of substitute products within the industry, however, is low. Even though there is an increased popularity of Tablets, they are busy doing same thing. However Samsung is the one who inventing a new trend that shift from tablet to galaxy phone which it have all feature that tablets has and smart phone features. This is the only direction the market goes. 4.1.3 The bargaining power of buyers Reliability is one of the area the companies should concentrate in, however if an organisation loss its focus on customer wants, it is easy for customer to move to another company. Companies should know how much the customer is will to pay. Buyers easily switch cost with the increased of choices of mobile companies because this products are similar to one another; If the company does not beat market, the buyer will switch to those companies that have better features or better price. However Samsung is sitting on top of the game, they always want to beat the market by releasing designs and they consider their prices they offer their customers, even now Samsung is the one have a cheaper tablet in the market. 4.1.4 Bargaining power of supplier Samsung is its own supplier of most components. Samsung also happens to be its own supplier for raw materials and they design for themselves. The bargaining power of suppliers is high because suppliers goods are critical to the buyers marketplace success, for example Samsung is a supplier of Apple which is the have a significant role in Apple prices. 5. INDUSTRY LEADERS Industry leaders are brands, products or companies that have power in the industry. This section will focus on the Industry leaders, the competition that the organization faces within the industry. This will rank the organization competitors according their service offering. Based on the above information it is clear that, Samsung tablets are the best in the market, even if Apple can take Samsung to the court. It is clear that a trend of Apple is going down little beat; looking at the Blackberry and Motorola Tablets they have almost the features Apple has. It is clear that the development team of Samsung are working hard, they know what is needed and what went wrong in the previous product they and looking at the improvements they have. Looking at the improvement they have It show that Samsung will survive in this industry for another ten years Desktop computer came and go, laptop is taken out by Tablets, if you look at Samsung Galaxy S4 it is a new trend of mobile technology because it a combination of a Tablet and smart phone and its memory is big a tablet, but its size is smaller and thinner. 6. RECOMMENDATIONS Samsung should try to make its products simpler (friendly usable), because their products are highly advance. They must try to give space between one model to another, because Samsung release one after other, they dont give you a change to full understand the current one you have. 7. BIBIOGRAPHY Http://www.slideshare.net/rajasekarkr/benefits-of-tables#btnFirst http://www.samsung.com/us/news/20372 http://techpinions.com/the-galaxy-note-2-one-gaint-step-for-android-phonees/14292 http>//techland.time.com/2013/01/07/why-tablets-hybrids-and-convertible-are-important-to-the-pc-industry/#xzz2MqJz5R6H

Rising Gas Prices in the United States Essay -- The Oil Industry

Once upon a time Americans hopped into their cars on warm spring days and took long drives to admire the beauty of nature. Teenagers took joy rides around town to meet friends and rode from one â€Å"hot spot† to another. Those were the days when gas prices were affordable to the average American. Over the past few years, gas prices in the United States have been on the rise. What is causing the increase in gas prices? To understand the increase in gas prices, one must first identify the distribution of dollars paid per gallon at the pump. According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration (eia) in 2010, the annual average paid at the pump consisted of 68% crude oil, 7% refining, 10% distribution and marketing, and 15% taxes (see Fig.1). This shows an increase of crude oil over the 2000-2009 average of 51%. (e. I. Administration) Currently, the most important factor in the rise of gas prices is the increasing cost of crude oil. Unfortunately, the United States has three percent of the world’s oil reserves. (Horsley) In 2009, the United States was third in crude oil production as well as the world’s largest petroleum consumer. (e. I. Administration) Such consumption required and still requires the United States to import petroleum/crude oil from other countries. Mainly, the United States imports petroleum products and crude oil from Canada 23.3%, Venezuela 10.7%, Saudi Arabia 10.4%, Mexico 9.2%, and Nigeria 8.3%. (e. I. Administration) In addition, approximately 77 other countries import to the United States. (e. I. Administration) Worldwide, there are many factors contributing to the increase in cost per barrel. Most recently, Libyan rebels, inspired by the success of their Tunisian and Egyptian neighbors, are up... ... Oil Production.† 10 March 2011. 19 March 2011 . Press, Associated. â€Å"MSNBC Oil Prices Fall as Libya Promises Ceasefire.† 18 March 2011. 19 March 2011 . Press, Associated. â€Å"Oil Hits Highest Levels Since Recession.† 25 March 2011. 25 March 2011 . Press, The Associated. â€Å"IEA Says Libyan Oil Exports Halted.† 15 March 2011. 25 March 2011 . Reuters. â€Å"Factbox: Libyan Oil Production, Exports, Customers.† 11 February 2011. 20 March 2011 .

E-commerce Essay -- Business and Management Studies

E-commerce Explain what is meant by the term ‘E-commerce’. It is the conducting of business communication and transactions over networks and through computers. As most restrictively defined, electronic commerce is the buying and selling of goods and services, and the transfer of funds, through digital communications. However EC also includes all inter-company and intra-company functions (such as marketing, finance, manufacturing, selling, and negotiation) that enable commerce and use electronic mail, EDI, file transfer, fax, video conferencing, workflow, or interaction with a remote computer. Electronic commerce also includes buying and selling over the Web, electronic funds transfer, smart cards, digital cash (e.g. Mondex), and all other ways of doing business over digital networks. Assess the advantages and disadvantages of E- Commerce information systems. Both the consumer and the supplier of a product can benefit from when using Electronic Commerce many obvious advantages. The consumer can browse through a whole shopping mall from the comfort of his or her own home, and products can be purchased and delivered right to their home. E-Commerce removes the hassle of crowds and line-ups from the consumer's routine. The supplier has the advantage of keeping their store open twenty four hours a day, seven days a week - without having to hire the staff to maintain it which saves a lot of money which means they can focus on better prices for their products and greater profits. The Internet opens up the customer base widely, allowing many customers the opportunity to view their product. First, businesses can communicate with customers easily. The business can receive and send e-mails from/to customers. This allows customers to quickly get in contact with the business. This can also be done to suppliers is well. This means that the business will forge closer relationships with customers and suppliers. In addition, e-commerce allows customers to look at the businesses products from their home. This means that customers will be able to look or buy the product at any time rather than only when they go shopping. Also with the business being on the internet it will mean that that the business will be able to aim their will be easy to access and that more people can see their product. Moreover, it is said that trad... ... First, careful design of documentation will aid the prevention of unintentional errors in recording and processing. Besides, the accurate processing of a transaction document requires those responsible to carry out the organisation’s procedures correctly. These should be specified in a procedures manual. Furthermore, separation of functions is aimed at preventing fraud. If a single member of staff were to be in charge of carrying out all the procedures connected with a transaction then it would be possible, and might be tempting, for that person to create fraudulent transactions. When these functions are separated and placed in the hands of different individuals, fraud may still be tempting but will be less possible. A business relies on its personnel. So, personnel must be selected and trained effectively to ensure that they are competent to carry out the tasks required of them. Also, physical controls may be used as a preventive measure; avoiding illegal loss of assets such as cash is to exclude staff from unnecessary access to these assets. A range of physical controls may be used to prevent access – locks, safes, and stout doors are obvious methods.

Use of Aphorisms in Steinbecks The Winter of Our Discontent :: essays research papers

In John Steinbeck’s classic novel The Winter of Our Discontent, one can find many general truths and principles, also known as aphorisms. Ethan Allen Hawley, the main character, seems to gift the reader with another aphorism at the turn of every page, but some of these sayings may be considered more remarkable than others. One of the more noteworthy aphorisms is a statement made by Ethan at the end of chapter 6: â€Å"To be alive at all is to have scars†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While this may not be the theme that Steinbeck concentrates on the most, it is surely one of the most important. Ethan is the most prominent example of this, as he has suffered many misfortunes in his life. Every other mature character in the book also carries these emotional scars; scars on one’s morality, character, and soul. Perhaps what the author was trying to convey is that from the moment one is born, one knows pain and suffering. However, many of these wounds heal with time, and become the scars of the past. Ethan compares the scars that his lack of morality will bring to the scars that his failure has produced, but the truth is that these are not scars at all, but injuries that time will not heal, and conscience will only make worse. His wounds will never mend, they will weigh down on him until drastic measures must be taken to escape the constant reminders of what he has done. Ethan considers and then nearly commits suicide, but he realizes that n o matter what he has done, his daughter needs him above anything else. So he must go on living, scar after scar becoming layers upon layers of discontent on his heart.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Every human being on earth accumulates scars of this nature. From errors made in the past come forth blemishes on the soul that serve as permanent reminders of one’s mistakes, and the scars provide maps to roads not to be taken again.

Baby Bonus Scheme In Singapore Health And Social Care Essay

Many developed states face the challenge of quickly diminishing birthrate rates. One illustration of such is Singapore. Assorted attacks have been taken to seek to change by reversal this tendency, but with limited success. A major policy implemented in 2001 was baby bonus strategy. The chief end of this survey is to analyse the impact of babe fillip towards TFR and the position of the future coevals with respects to pamper bonus strategy. Primary and secondary informations were used to analyse the impact of the babe fillip. Secondary information was taken from the authorities records. In this survey, a study was conducted to place the position of immature coevals towards baby fillip. The sample was chosen by convenient sampling. Our findings show that from 2001 to 2010 babe fillip appeared to be less effectual because the TFR is still diminishing. However, it did assist in decelerating down the lessening. From the study consequence, we expect that baby fillip policy is improbable to hold a important impact on impacting the TFR in the hereafter. Based on our research, one possible suggestion to rectify the job of low TFR could be the authorities concentrating more on taking attention of the lodging and wellness facets of its people.1. IntroductionFor the last few old ages, aging population has been one of the chief concerns faced by several developed states. British Columbia is one of the states that faced an aging population. Much research was conducted in this state to work out the job. It was revealed that the chief cause of this state of affairs is the worsening of birthrate rate over decennaries [ 1 ] . Entire Fertility Rate ( TFR ) is defined as the figure of kids an mean adult female would hold presuming that she lives her full generative life-time [ 2 ] . Considered as a developed state, Singapore has besides faced a serious job of worsening TFR. With TFR of 1.16 in 2010 [ 3 ] , Singapore is ranked hundred-and-seventieth [ 4 ] in the universe and arguably one of the lowest TFR in the universe. Singapore authorities has implemented some policies to promote Singaporeans to hold more kids, and hence increase the TFR. The latest and most comprehensive policy to this terminal is the babe fillip strategy. However, the consequence of babe fillip is problematic. A group of research workers from Melbourne Institution of Applied Economics and Social Research investigated the consequence of babe fillip towards entire birthrate rate. Based on their theoretical account, Baby Bonus exerted a little positive consequence on birthrate purpose which leaded to a positive impact on birthrate rate. The consequence seemed to be stronger for 2nd and perchance higher-order numbered kids. In add-on the consequence showed that fillip consequence is lasting [ 5 ] . However this survey could non find that the consequence would be similar in local context, Singapore. Since there is no formal research particular on look intoing TFR and pamper fillip strategy, our research will concentrate chiefly on look intoing the impacts of babe fillip towards TFR and position of our future coevals with respects to this strategy. It will develop solutions in the signifier of suggestions that will function to better the effectivity of this policy. The expected consequence for our analysis is that babe fillip is less effectual in increasing Singapore ‘s TFR. Other factors such as the psychological-thinking and societal factors which may impact TFR will non be included in our survey. To do our research clearer and all-rounded, we introduce a subdivision under Singapore demographic form which describes about the worsening tendency of TFR from 1990 to 2000 and reappraisal of the factors impacting the TFR. The treatment of this paper will be separated into two chief parts, which is the method subdivision and consequence and treatment subdivision. The first portion will concentrate on explicating our study method and stuffs that we obtained from authorities records. Under the consequence subdivision, we will discourse our informations analysis utilizing, primary and secondary informations. The treatment focuses on effectivity of baby fillip policy in Singapore. Finally in the decision subdivision we will besides specify the background for future research to deduce better methods to cover with birthrate.1.1 Singapore Demographic PatternThe new way of policy since the 1990 ‘s is in stressing the importance of get downing a household and holding multiple kids to a successful and all-around life. New subsidy policies was implemented such as babe fillip strategy that was implemented in 2001. The effectivity of these new subsidy policies seemed less effectual. The TFR has continued to steadily worsen throughout the late ninetiess and early 2000s, despite these new policies. It has fallen by 0.43 from 1990 – 2000. This has rise concerns to the authorities as it might non be able to replace the current work force which leads to the alteration of subsidy policies in 2004. It still unclear that the new sweetenings implemented in 2004 will hold positive effects on TFR in future, the initial marks are non peculiarly positive.1.1A. Education derived function and alterations in political orientationEducation gives one a strong head of their ain in prosecuting their dreams that can include a stable and esteemed calling and buying epicurean goods. In other words, a twenty-four hours of 24 hours will be used to prosecute their dreams, go forthing m inimum clip for household planning and childbirth. Puting high value on work by both females and males are increasing the chance cost of holding kids. All these can explicate the falling tendency in TFR as noticed from above. 1.1B. Fiscal grounds childcare.JPG The mean net incomes of an employee are about S $ 4000 per month in 2010 [ 6 ] . Even as this figure has about doubled itself since a decennary ago, the lifting costs of life and holding babes are discouraging newly-weds from childbearing. If we were to take merely 2 most basic disbursals viz. child caring fees and hospitalization measures that are incurred during and instantly after gestating, we can cognize that fiscal load is an disposed account for the worsening TFR in Singapore. As shown, child care services are priced at S $ 776 and S $ 572 for mean full twenty-four hours and half twenty-four hours fees severally in 2010. From administrative informations, hospitalization fee for female parents after bringing in an mean ward of B2 fluctuates between S $ 1000 and S $ 1200 [ 7 ] . The entire charge for these 2 constituents of expected disbursals can amount to S $ 2000, which is already half of the wage of an mean worker in Singapore.A Such high degree of disbursement on one kid ca n so deter a important figure of newly-weds in holding kids, and our analysis is non even taking into history the changeless economy of financess for advanced acquisition and schooling in Singapore every bit good as day-to-day disbursals on nutrient and vesture for the kid. Clearly, childbearing is non an easy undertaking as it takes old ages of support from the point of gestating till the point of independency. Fiscal restraint can therefore be another ground and possibly one of the more of import grounds as to why there is falling TFR observed in Singapore.2. MethodThe mark of our study was NTU undergraduates aged from 19 to 26 and selected by convenience trying method. We restrict our sample on lone Singaporeans and Singaporean PRs because babe fillip strategy is more eligible to Singaporeans. The targeted size was 100 participants, 50 males and 50 females. The intent of carry oning the study is to happen out the position of our future coevals with respects to this strategy and t o happen the estimated entire birthrate rate in the hereafter. A pilot study was done preliminarily on the 50 respondents with our drafted sample study. We received feedback that our inquiries were insistent and ill-defined. Leading inquiries were besides heedlessly included. Some of the open-ended inquiries were left space, demoing that the inquiries discouraged participants to reply wholly. Consequences shown from this pilot study were inconsistent and hard to analyze accurately. To better on our research work, we conducted another study with freshly phrased inquiries which is simpler and more straightforward. At the start, we had inquiries aiming the figure of kids our respondents are be aftering to hold. The consequences here gave us a unsmooth thought of the TFR Singapore was to hold with its current subsidy policies in topographic point. Subsequently, we required respondents to rank the factors that are considered when they decide on the figure of kids they were to hold. The most highly-ranked factors can help Singapore in planing or revising constabularies for greater impact on Singapore ‘s TFR. Next, we had inquiries taking at proving the participants whether babe fillip had a say in their household planning. This was to find the comparative importance of babe fillip strategy. Relatively high importance placed by Singaporeans will let greater infinite for control over the population size. We besides suggested a superior system for Singapore ‘s authorities inducement strategy to happen out about the policy that authorities should concentrate on. Last, we welcomed suggestio ns from respondents to give them an avenue for showcasing their point of views sing the subsidy policies in inquiry.3. Result and DiscussionThe Baby Bonus Scheme is a two-tiered strategy, comprising of a direct hard currency gift from the authorities and a co-saving agreement in which the authorities lucifers dollar for dollar the sum parents put into a Child Development Account ( CDA ) , capable to a maximal sum. ( NEED CITATION )babe bonusTable 3.1 It is observed that holding a 2nd or 3rd kid can convey important pecuniary benefits for the parents from 2001. The Baby Bonus Scheme did assist to settle the concerns of twosomes who find the fiscal load of raising a kid excessively heavy to bear. Monetary wagess given out to parents can be used to subsidise the kid ‘s early old ages of instruction and medical demands. Figure 3.2 From figure above, we noticed that between 1997 and 1998, TFR dropped significantly by 0.15, compared to a twelvemonth before where the lessening was 0.06 from 1996-1997. A possible account is that Asiatic fiscal crisis had taken topographic point during the twelvemonth 1998 and this might back up the observation that fiscal factors are impacting the determination of twosomes to hold kids. The authorities may hold therefore decided to undertake the low TFR job from the fiscal facet by implementing of babe fillip in 2001. In this subdivision, the effectivity of baby fillip policy will be analysed from 2 pieces of informations, viz. primary and secondary informations.3A. Secondary informationsFigure 3.2 shows that after execution of the babe fillip policy, the TFR from 2001-2004 dropped by 0.15. In the span of 4 old ages ( 1997-2000 ) we observed that TFR had dropped by 0.20. Comparing these two Numberss, TFR still falls, but it is falling at a diminishing rate, this suggests that babe fillip is so effectual to a certain extent. There is a alteration of policy in 2004 because the declared end of returning birthrate to replacing has non been achieved. Under the new enhanced strategy ( refer to postpone 3.1 ) , the hard currency gift that parents receive from the authorities was increased for the first through 4th born kid, as was the cap of authorities part to the CDA. The first born kid nevertheless received no benefits under the co-saving strategy. Under the 2004 strategy hard currency gifts were disbursed Oklahoman, within the first 18 months, alternatively of the original 6 old ages when it was implemented in 2001. From 2004-2008, there was an overall addition of TFR by 0.02, there is a definite possibility that the alteration of babe fillip strategy was effectual. Further sweetening of the babe fillip was done in 2008. However looking at the TFR tendency, it shows a autumn of TFR by 0.06 from 2008-2009. Effectiveness of babe fillip is so problematic. However, in 2008, post-mortgage subprime crisis took topographic point in United States of America might hold affected the determination of people to give birth as there was rampant retrenchment. There is besides the issue of a possible important clip slowdown before the full consequence of the policy is revealed in alterations in birthrate rates of the population. In general, the execution of babe fillip is good in assisting to decelerate down the lessening in TFR but it was non able to change by reversal the tendency. Possibly pecuniary inducements entirely can non carry persons to alter their birthrate behavior.3B. Primary informationsThe consequences attained from our study was brooding of the younger coevals which would be more appropriate since the younger coevals would be more affected by the authorities policies and babe fillip strategy in clip to come. Entire Fertility Rate Figure 3.3 In figure 3.3 the highest figure of kids stated in our study is 5. This figure shows that 56 % our participants program to hold 2 kids, 20 % of them choose 3 kids. The per centum of people non be aftering to hold any kids is 10 % . This shows that the bulk of the respondents are willing to hold kids. TFR Gender Female Male Both female and male Average or average 1.76 2.3 2.03 Discrepancy 0.75755 0.98979 0.93848 Standard Error ( Deviation ) 0.87037 0.99488 0.96875 Table 3.4 To specify the entire birthrate rate more accurately, we will look into the different expected TFR for both genders. Our findings show that if male was the determination shaper, the TFR will be 2.3 and if it was female, the expected TFR is 1.76. We besides compute the discrepancy to see how much these values deviate from the mean. We noticed that the discrepancy was considered as broad, with 0.757551 for female and 0.98980 for male. We will use the interval appraisal method to acquire an accurate scope for the expected entire birthrate rate. We used 95 % assurance degree as our base. 95 % assurance interval means that 95 % in chance that the true value of this TFR is inside this estimated interval. We defined the interval as [ X-tn-1 ( I ± /2 ) * I?/a?sn, X+ tn-1 ( I ± /2 ) * I?/a?sn ] where N is the sample size, X represents the norm, I? is defined as standard mistake, and value of tn-1 ( I ± /2 ) is taken from the tabular array of t distribution. 1-I ± is set to be 0.95 ( assurance interval ) , therefore when n=50, t49 ( I ± /2 ) = 2.01 and when n=100, t99 ( I ± /2 ) = 1.984 for given I ± . The estimated interval of TFR when male was the determination shaper is 2.01720 a†°Ã‚ ¤ TFR a†°Ã‚ ¤ 2.58280 While the estimated interval of TFR when female was the determination shaper is 1.51259 a†°Ã‚ ¤ TFR a†°Ã‚ ¤ 2.00741 As the optimum TFR of the authorities is [ 8 ] , this can be seen that if female was the determination shaper, the TFR is below 2. However, in doing determination of holding kids, it is non up to one person merely but a joint determination by both male and female. Therefore, it will be more appropriate if we consider the norm TFR as our expected TFR in the hereafter. The expected TFR in the hereafter is between 1.83780 and 2.22220 utilizing the interval appraisal method. Ranking of factors Figure 3.5 The above information shows the figure of participants that gives the Rank â€Å" 1 † for the factor that they consider as the most of import. Consequences revealed that 58 out of 100 respondents chose fiscal factors, followed by calling with 19 out of 100 participants. This consequence supports our outlook that fiscal is the most influential factor with respects to be aftering for kids, therefore our research will be valuable in helping to better the entire birthrate rate. Baby bonus strategy Figure 3.6 Figure 3.7 Figure 3.6 shows that 90 % of the respondents know the babe fillip strategy and looking at figure 3.7, 50 % of their determination to hold kids is affected by the babe fillip strategy. This suggests that the people are cognizant of the babe fillip strategy. 50 % of the participant ‘s determination is affected by the babe fillip strategy. At first glimpse, this might propose that babe fillip is less effectual. Measuring it more carefully, without the strategy, the TFR that we calculated above has high likeliness that it is traveling to be lower. This is because half of the participants might make up one's mind to take down their figure of kids planned if babe fillip strategy has non been implemented. Hence, the effectivity of babe fillip could be subjective. Figure 4.8 I prefer non to hold any kids Childbearing and/or child-raising is are clip devouring I want to concentrate on my calling The subsidy is deficient Other personal grounds For the participants that find baby fillip is non impacting their determination, the bulk chose â€Å" vitamin D † as the ground for it. 24 out of 50 people chose the babe fillip subsidy is deficient. This shows that they are non satisfied with the current strategy. It is likely that if betterment were to be done to the babe fillip strategy, there is a high possibility that this strategy will be more important to increase the TFR. This is besides supported by the observation that babe fillip alteration in 2004 was effectual, as TFR increased by 0.02. Figure 3.9 The above information shows the figure of participants that gives the Rank â€Å" 1 ‘ for the authorities subsidy policy that they consider as the most of import. We can detect from the tabular array that there is important figure of participants that prioritise health care, instruction and lodging loan with 27 % , 26 % and 25 % giving it the value â€Å" 1 † . Merely, 9 % of the participants choose baby fillip policy as most of import, this shows that authorities should non concentrate their alteration of policies merely on babe fillip. The information suggested that there is an emerging tendency that people are more disquieted about their kid wellness attention, instruction and lodging affairs. Hence it is advisable that the authorities expression into this three subsidy policies in greater deepness to increase the entire birthrate of Singapore. Figure 3.10 Figure 3.11 If we separate our treatment into different genders, the impact of babe fillip strategy is greater on the males. Refered to calculate 3.10 and 3.11, 60 % of the males determination are affected by the strategy, while for the female merely 40 % is affected. Baby bonus strategy plays a larger function in act uponing the work forces ‘s determination. Uniting the findings, the expected TFR computed for female is lower than the optimum TFR. From the estimated interval calculated above, the TFR for female is below the optimum figure of 2, so this means we should aim the female group and seek to increase the figure of kids they would be after to hold to increase the TFR. As shown from the figure 3.5 above, the females considered fiscal factor as their precedence with 32 out of 50 female participants ranking it as figure 1. With this, focal point still should be given to fiscal factors, such as increasing subsidy or supplying pecuniary benefits to increase the willingness of adult females to hold more kids. However, 40 % of the female ‘s determination is affected by the babe fillip. We can deduce from this that, increasing the subsidy for babe fillip might be less effectual. As shown from the figure 3.9, greater focal point should be placed on other subsidy benefits such as health care subsidy, instruction and lodging loan.4. DecisionThis undertaking studied the impact of Singapore ‘s baby fillip policy on its entire birthrate rate. Based on our research findings, we conclude that this policy is non really effectual. From 2001 when it was foremost implemented to 2010, the TFR in Singapore has been worsening. However, credits have to be given to this policy as the worsening tendency is noted to be so at a diminishing rate. It is of import to observe that there are many other factors doing low TFR in Singapore. Some of it could be psychological thought, alterations in political orientation and instruction derived functions. One possible restriction of our undertaking could be found in our study sample. Due to the fact that the study is conducted within school compounds, we treated all Singaporean respondents as a homogeneous group of highly-educated forces. This is non representative for the whole of Singapore population. This determination is of considerable importance since it suggests that though the fiscal facet is so of import in one ‘s determination in household planning, baby fillip policy is less effectual in undertaking the job of falling TFR. We would urge future research to be conducted on a more heterogenous study sample so that Singaporeans of all backgrounds can be reached.

US Immigrants’ Learning English and Mastering Content Goals

bilingualist Education is the teaching of devil verbiages. This would overly be the ability to speak 2 languages. During the 1920s testing among various groups of people began. These tests were conducted in poor people testing conditions, overcrowded rooms, poor lighting, and bombastic rooms with poor audibility. Many immigrants were categorize as simpletons for receiving zeros on the test because they were ineffective to speak side of meat, could non read, and were unfamiliar with the American culture. The low-test scores confirmed white Anglo Saxon Protestant beliefs that immigrants were inferior.This gave the congressmen more reason to part against the immigrants. In the 1950s, federal and state laws rule that discriminatory testing was unconstitutional (What To Do About Immigration? p 327). multilingual training did not originally bob up from the pressures of immigration. It was started as a small, federally funded syllabus to help Mexican-American children (large ly subjective-born) in the Southwest. The purpose was to depict to make Mexican-American children fully literate in slope. Today, our expectations of bilinguals atomic number 18 very high. We expect them to con our language fast and accurately.However, we do not teach them well. Instead of running onward from this problem by abolishing bilingual tuition, we should govern a way to improve this do in rear to make it a part of our culture. People with a autochthonous-born language other than English defend two goals in school knowledge English and mastering content. A very big problem is that bilingual education is taught in many different shipway in classrooms. Often, students with limited English skills would be taught for no more than a category in special English classes to begin with being moved to mainstream. rough students are pulled out of English as a south language.Others are placed in transitional bilingual education, which is intensive English-instruc tion. A portion of this class is taught in the homegrown language. Maintenance or developmental, bilingual education builds the native language while up(p) English as a second language (http//www. edweek. org/context/topics/biling. htm). One etymon to this problem is finding a ace way to teach that will secrecy all aspects of the English language. After English is effectively taught, the students should be mainstreamed. Some interpret the curriculum is not the problem, but the poor teaching instead.The teaches want students to be in force(p) in a second language in one or two years. These days, there is also a deficit of well-qualified bilingual teachers. We can improve this by hiring teachers who are qualified and fully bilingual (http//www. edweek. org/context/topics/biling. htm). If we take a closer look at the educational system, we would notice that bilingual education is not the only guilty party in this stuation. There are many operate available in different native l anguages there is not much of an accent to realise English. There are newspapers, advertising, and plane signs that will help immigrants of all cultures.Some people believe that in order to ensure that English is learned the political sympathies should make English its official language. I believe that people with another native language other than English should learn our language. This is not to say that they can not use their other language, but English should be used in offices and other work places. Today, the amount of bilingual immigrants incoming our country is growing year by year. If solutions arent found to the bilingual education problem, I fear what the future may declare for those looking to find new opportunities on American soil. In America, everyone has the right to dream.

Pico Paper

ar kidney endurings who certain a perfect nephrectomy at a higher risk of afflicted nephritic kick the bucket and cardiac link up end comp bed to those who received a incomplete nephrectomy? Kiara Wilson Nursing 3163 Dr. Linda Upchurch November 12, 2012 Background Are kidney patients who received a partial(p) nephrectomy at a depress risk of damage nephritic government agency and cardiac related close comp atomic number 18d to those who received a source nephrectomy? When a patient is diagnosed with kidney stultification, a surgical nephrectomy is practically performed. Kidney damage whitethorn be make upd by obturate blood vessels, kidney stones, potentiometer, infection, and/or kidney stoolcer.With this routine the kidney damage may be toughened and as well prevent besides damage. A partial nephrectomy is a surgical number to remove a portion of the kidney. partial derivative nephrectomies atomic number 18 normally done laparoscopically with hand assi stance or with robot assistance. A root word nephrectomy involves removing the kidney and the adrenal glands. A radical nephrectomy may be done laparoscopically or by open abdominal surgery. My patient was diagnosed with damage of the left(a) kidney. Blood tests were performed and the patient was found to defecate a toxic WBC granulation tissue. This toxic granulation led infection, inflammation and sepsis.An abdominal and pelvic CT scan found a 7. 8 x 5. 6 x 6. 2 cm, solid, enhancing left turn complicate pole renal mass and parasitic vessels in the infected area. A hand assisted partial laparoscopic nephrectomy was performed. They removed the diminisheder portion of her left kidney. The kidney was to be tested for malignancy. The concern with my patient is that she has a ancient medical history of hypertension, anemia, and deep vein thrombosis. She is at an change magnitude risk of save cardiac and renal complications. I believe these factors influenced the doctors decis ion to perform a partial nephrectomy instead of taking the radical approach.To reclaim research on this kidney condition, I accessed the Galileo informationbase. I searched for info on ways to treat renal batch and kidney cancer. I found multiple articles about laparoscopic and radical (open) nephrectomies. I found many articles that discussed the differences between the 2 and the affects they provoke on patients who receive them. I found an interesting bring called Partial Nephrectomy Is Associated with meliorate boilersuit Survival Compared to bag Nephrectomy in Patients with Unanticipated auspicious Renal Tumours. I found it interesting because it was relevant to the health issues that were being addressed with my patient. There millions kidney patients who bear with these procedures each year. I wanted to discover which procedure issued the best outcome for my patient and others with similar kidney problems. drive According to this look at, a partial nephrectomy h as been associated with improved boilers suit survival in patients with localized renal rabble compared to those who received a radical nephrectomy (Weight, 2010).The purpose of this study is to test the overall survival rate of patients who had unexpected renal masses. Another objective of this study is to also study the effect of these procedures on cardiac item survival rates and other causes of expiry related to decreased kidney function. Hypothesis The hypothesis for this study are that the use of partial nephrectomies would be first canal of treatment compared to radical nephrectomies in that partial nephrectomies provide better protection of renal function. Decreased renal function will lead to a low survival rate.Patients who undergo radical nephrectomies will confine higher rate of cardiac related destructions objective A seven year, nonrandomized study was conducted using 499 participants. Of these 499 particiapants, 111 patients had received a radical nephrectomy while 388 patients received a partial nephrectomy. The choice of which surgery to do was left of the surgeon and the patients preferences. They took into consideration the mass size, the appearance, the patients current health, keep foreboding and the comfort of the surgeon in making their decisions.The patients comorbidities were pass judgmented using the Charlson-Romano Comorbidity Index. Each patients vital signs were acquired using the Social Security goal Index. Anyone without a Social Security Number was excluded. The cause of last information from the patients medical records was reviewed. From there the participants were further categorized by the condition that caused the death. Cardiac deaths ranged from death related to ischemic heart disease, CHF, ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and peripheral vascular disease.Renal deaths were broken down into death related to renal failure, renal insufficiency, or nephritic syndrome. All other possible c auses of death were group together. Perioperative, postoperative data and renal function tests were collected before and after the procedures. Preoperative data was used to create the propensity model that was utilise in a multivariate model of survival. They heedful the overall survival rate of the participants and cardiac specialized survival rates. Findings Radical nephrectomies are greatly associated with an change magnitude risk of death from any cause.Patients with unanticipated kind tumors that were treated with RN were more promising to happen from any related health problem than those treated with PN. Participants who received a radical nephrectomy were more likely to be older, with high comorbidity scores, and larger tumors. Those with smaller masses and tumors were more likely to have a partial nephrectomy. Radical nephrectomies are associated with an change magnitude risk of death by 2 folds from any cause. The risk of cardiovascular death was substantially highe r in those with lessen post-operative renal function.Decreased kidney function was related to an increase in cardiovascular death and death from any other cause in overall majority patients. sixteen participants died of cardiac related deaths. Renal preservation was increased in the group that had the partial nephrectomy with majority of the patients having an eGFR to a higher place 60 %. Radical nephrectomy participants only had an eGFR of 30 % or lower. The higher eGFR is associated with an increase chance of survival in PN patients. Discussion Previous studies indicate that postoperative impaired renal function plays a role in the overall survival of patients with renal masses.The data reason that no matter which surgery was performed there would be a decrease in kidney function. However, those patients who received a PN had a remarkable lower decrease in renal function. It can be stated that patients have decreased function are at an increased risk of cardiac related death and death by other causes. For many of those who dont die from cardiac related death it can be concluded that other conditions that cause death are worsened by renal insufficiency. This study was relevant to the PICO drumhead I asked.This study answered my question and provided the information necessary to make it a effectual question. I believe the limitations to this study are that the researchers did not randomize their study. They picked which participants they thought would influence their study. The strengths of this article are that is discusses the importance of preserving renal function when performing a nephrectomy. It also provides evidence that patients should be cultivated on the risks of death and further complications associated with their procedures. It could allow for better homework and managing of the care for these patients.Implications As a nurse it would be my responsibility to knowledgeable about procedures such as these and how they will affect my patient. I t would be my job to educate the patients on what to expect from this surgery and what it means for their health. I could also use this information to better assess patients before and after these procedures. This research provides material that could be used to better treat and prevent life threatening conditions that could arise after surgery. References Landman, D. (2006). Open Partial Nephrectomy.Retrieved November 9, 2012, from Kidney Cancer Institute www. kidneycancerinstitute. com/open-partial-nephrec. html Landman, D. (2006). Open Radical Nephrectomy. Retrieved November 9, 2012, from Kidney Cancer Institute www. kidneycancerinstitute. com/open-radical-nephrec. html Weight, C. J. , & Leiser, G. (2010, April 29). Partial Nephrectomy Is Associated with Improved Overall Survival. EUROPEAN UROLOGY, 58, 293-298. Evaluation (to be unblemished by instructor) Possible Points Actual Points Introduction of clinical problemComments 20 Purpose/Aim of the study/articleComments 10 Theore tical framework of the study/articleComments n/a Hypotheses/QuestionsComments 5 DesignComments 5 FindingsComments 10 DiscussionComments 25 ImplicationsComments 20 ReferencesComments 5 Grade century/100 /100 PICO Paper Grading Rubric (submit, along with PICO OAT form, with your paper) bookman Name _Kiara Wilson______________Date November 12, 2012_____________ Are kidney patients who received a radical nephrectomy at a higher risk of impaired renal function and cardiac related death compared to those who received a partial nephrectomy?